高中英語語法知識總結：表語從句

　　2. 構成：關聯詞+簡單句

　　3. 引導表語從句的關聯詞的種類：

　　(1) 從屬連詞that。如：

　　The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻煩是我把他的地址丟了。

　　(2) 從屬連詞whether, as, as if。如：

　　He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起來還與十年前一樣。

　　The question is whether they will be able to help us. 問題是他們是否能幫我們。

　　注：從屬連詞if一般不用來引導表語從句，但as if卻可引導表語從句，如：

　　All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.

　　這都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。

　　能跟表語從句的謂語動詞一般為系動詞be, seem, look等。如：

　　It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起來天要下雨了。

　　(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

　　連接副詞 where, when, how, why。

　　如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。

　　The question is how he did it. 問題是他是如何做此事的。

　　That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。

　　高中英語語法知識總結：主語從句

　　1. 定義：用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。

　　2. 構成：關聯詞+簡單句

　　3. 引導主語從句的關聯詞有三類：

　　(1) 從屬連詞that。 如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

　　很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。

　　(2) 從屬連詞whether。如：

　　Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否會來這里還不清楚。

　　(3) 連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

　　連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如：

　　What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。

　　How this happened is not clear to anyone. 這事怎樣發生的，誰也不清楚。

　　Whoever comes is welcome. 不論誰來都歡迎。

　　Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。

　　解釋：

　　1. 主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有：

　　A. It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如：

　　It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫無疑問她考試成績會很好。

　　It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告訴她了。

　　B. It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that從句。如：

　　It’s a pity that we can’t go. 很遺憾我們不能去。

　　It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. 我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。

　　C. It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that從句。如：

　　It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 據說格林先生已經到了北京。

　　It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.

　　據報道中國又成功地發射了一顆人造地球衛星。

　　D. It+seem, happen等不及物動詞及短語+that從句。如：

　　It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不來參加晚會。

　　It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。

　　E. It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如：

　　It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否來這無關緊要。

　　It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我們在哪里開會毫無區別。

　　F. 當that引導的主語從句出現在疑問句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：

　　Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科學家將給我們作報告是真的嗎?

　　Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎?

　　G. 當主語從句出現在感嘆句中時，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：

　　How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 孩子們這么安靜真奇怪!

　　2.注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever等引導主語從句的含義

　　Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) 來的人將受到歡迎。

　　Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) 他所做的事情是正確的。

　　Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你們當中不論哪個進來將會得到獎

　　高中英語語法知識總結：賓語從句

　　1. 定義：用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。

　　2. 構成：關聯詞+簡單句

　　3. 引導賓語從句的關聯詞有三類：

　　(1) 從屬連詞that。如：

　　He told us that he felt ill. 他對我們說他感到不舒服。

　　I know he has returned. 我知道他已經回來了。

　　注： that在引導賓語從句時也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下，that不能省略。

　　1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個賓語從句，that賓語從句放在and的后面時，that不能省略。)

　　大家都會看出所發生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

　　2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導的賓語從句作介詞賓語時，that不能省略。)

　　對他我一無所知，只知道他是南方人。

　　3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. (that從句位于句首時，that不可省略。)

　　我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。

　　4. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句謂語動詞與that從句之間有插入語，that不可省略。)

　　鑒于他的特殊情況，我們決定應允他一段試用期。

　　(2)從屬連詞if/whether。如：

　　I doubt whether he will succeed. 我懷疑他是否會成功。

　　I don’t know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否幫助我。

　　(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

　　連接副詞 where, when, how, why。

　　如：

　　Who or what he was, Martin never learned.

　　他是什么人?他是干什么的?馬丁根本不知道。

　　I wonder what he’s writing to me about. 我不知道他要給我寫信說什么事。

　　I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 我會告訴你我為什么要你來。

　　You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。

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