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高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識點

時間: 如英2 高三英語

  高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識點:代 詞

  1.在強調(diào)句中人稱代詞的使用應(yīng)該根據(jù)人稱代詞具體作什么成分而定。

  It was I that first arrived at the airport.

  2.句子中沒有謂語動詞,也就是說謂語動詞被省略時,人稱代詞要用賓格。

  —I’d like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.

  —Me,too.

  3.當說話者不清楚或沒必要知道說話對象的性別時,可以用it來表示。

  It’s a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?

  二、物主代詞的用法

  形容詞性物主代詞不與a,those,some,another,which等詞同時修飾一個名詞,但在雙重所有格中可同時修飾一個名詞,如:each sister of his。

  三、反身代詞的用法

  含有反身代詞的動詞短語:

  devote oneself to致力于

  dress oneself自己穿衣

  enjoy oneself過得快活

  feel oneself覺得正常

  四、指示代詞的用法

  1.this,that的用法

  (1)在打電話時,this指自己,that指別人。

  (2)習(xí)慣用法:that is to say也就是說。

  2.such,so,same的用法

  (1)such指如前所述的這樣的人或事物。此時,如果遇到a/an,such必須放在其前;如果遇到no,two,several等詞時,such必須置于其后。

  Tom is such a nice person.

  (2)so作指示代詞時,代替一個句子或短語所表達的事情。

  —Have you phoned your parents?

  —No,but I’ll do so soon.

  (3)same

  ①same必須與定冠詞the連用,在句中可作主語、表語、賓語或定語。

  The same happened once.

  ②the same后跟as用以引出所談及的范圍,as后可以是名詞、代詞,也可以是句子。

  He is of the same age as you.

  五、不定代詞的用法

  1.none,nobody/no one,nothing的用法區(qū)別

  (1)none既可指人,也可指物,且表數(shù)量概念,常回答how many,how much引導(dǎo)的疑問句;nobody/no one只能指人,且表泛指概念,常回答who引導(dǎo)的疑問句;nothing只能指物,且表泛指概念,常回答what引導(dǎo)的疑問句。

  —How much money do you have?

  —None.

  (2)none后面可跟of短語,而nothing和nobody/no one卻不能。

  None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.

  2.one與it用于替代時的區(qū)別

  one用于指代與前面提到的相似的人或物;it用于指代前面所提到的同一件事或物。

  Your hat is really pretty.I’d like to buy one.

  Your skirt is beautiful.Where did you buy it?

  六、幾個特殊的短語

  1.What for?為何目的?為何理由?(=Why?)

  2.What if...?要是……會怎樣呢?

  3.What about/How about...?做……好嗎?(用于征求意見,后面常接動名詞)。

  高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識點:主謂一致

  一、就近一致原則

  1.由or,not only...but also...,neither...nor...,either...or...,whether...or...,not...but...等連接兩個或兩個以上的并列主語時,通常根據(jù)就近一致原則,謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。

  Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.

  2.here/there引導(dǎo)一個句子而主語又不止一個時,通常根據(jù)就近原則,謂語動詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。

  Here is a ruler,a few pencils and two copybooks.

  二、意義一致原則

  1.謂語動詞必須用單數(shù)的情況

  (1)表示學(xué)科的名詞以及works(工廠),news(消息)等作主語時,雖然本身為復(fù)數(shù)形式,但表示單數(shù)意義時,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。

  Politics is his favorite subject.

  (2)表示某些組織機構(gòu)的名詞、書/報名、國名、地名等作主語時,雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù),但所表示的意義是單數(shù),所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

  Do you know when the United Nations was set up?

  2.謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)的情況

  表示總稱意義的名詞,如people,police,public,cattle等作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

  The police are searching for the murderer.

  3.謂語動詞的形式依據(jù)主語表示的意義而定

  (1)集體名詞,如family,class,group,team,club,company,government,population等作主語時,謂語動詞的形式根據(jù)其在語境中表示的意義而定。當其表示集體意義,強調(diào)整體概念時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);當其表示集體中各個組成部分,強調(diào)個體概念時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

  As far as I know,his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.

  (2)“the+形容詞/分詞”表示“一類人”時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

  The poor were looked down upon in the old days.

  三、語法一致原則

  1.由and連接的兩個名詞作主語

  (1)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+名詞單數(shù)”表示一個人(雙重身份),謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

  The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.

  (2)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+a/the+名詞單數(shù)”表示兩個人,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

  The teacher and the poet have just arrived.

  (3)“every+名詞單數(shù)+and+every+名詞單數(shù)”表示每一個人,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

  Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.

  (4)通常由兩個部件組成的物品如:a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

  Bread and butter is not to his taste.

  2.表示時間、數(shù)量、長度及價格的名詞,盡管有時是復(fù)數(shù)形式但常被看作是一個整體,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

  Is fifty pounds enough?

  3.“分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+of+名詞”作主語時,謂語動詞的形式根據(jù)of后的名詞的形式來定,如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

  Two­thirds of the books are about science.

  Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.

  相關(guān)練習(xí)題

  1.Our company is seeking for a manager,especially________with creativity and imagination.

  A.the one B.each

  C.one D.that

  答案 C

  解析 考查代詞的用法。此處one代替a manager。句意為:我們公司正在尋找一位經(jīng)理,尤其是一位具有創(chuàng)造力和想象力的經(jīng)理。

  2.The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase________.

  A.them B.those

  C.it D.that

  答案 C

  解析 考查代詞的用法。此處it表同一指代,指代the employment rate。句意為:就業(yè)率在大城市繼續(xù)增長,這多虧了當?shù)卣黾泳蜆I(yè)率的努力。

  3.—Excuse me,do you want David or Brown to do it?

  —________is up to the job,I’m afraid.

  A.Either B.Both C.None D.Neither

  答案 D

  解析 考查代詞的用法。句意為:——打擾一下,你想讓David還是Brown做這項工作呢?——恐怕兩者都不能勝任這項工作。neither表示“兩者都不”,符合句意。

  4.Some experts are warning that the step the US government has taken to deal with the current crisis is ________ of much risk.

  A.ones B.those C.that D.one

  答案 D

  解析 考查代詞的用法。此處one代替step。句意為:一些專家警告美國政府對待目前經(jīng)濟危機所采取的步驟是很危險的一步。

  5.The old lady is said to have three children,two of ________ studying abroad.

  A.whom B.them C.all D.who

  答案 B

  解析 “two of ________ studying abroad”不是句子而是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),故選B。

  6.I tried two different methods,yet ________ of them seemed to work very well.

  A.neither B.none

  C.each D.both

  答案 A

  解析 考查代詞的用法。句意為:我試了兩種不同的方法,但似乎沒有一種起作用。根據(jù)two different ways可知選neither,表示“兩者都不”。

  7.If I can help ________,I prefer living in Hangzhou because the weather here is better than ________ of Zhengzhou.

  A.that;that B.it;that

  C.that;one D.it;it

  答案 B

  解析 it指代下文的內(nèi)容;that指代上文中的不可數(shù)名詞weather。

  8.It is not J.K.Rowling but her works that ________ us excited.

  A.makes B.is made

  C.make D.are made

  答案 C

  解析 本句強調(diào)的是句子的主語,由not...but...連接名詞或代詞作主語時,謂語動詞和but后的內(nèi)容取得一致,故謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故答案為C。

  9.________ likes money,but money is not ________.

  A.Everyone;everything B.Anyone;anything

  C.Someone;nothing D.Nobody;everything

  答案 A

  解析 not與everything構(gòu)成部分否定。句意為:人人愛金錢,但金錢不是萬能的。

  10.Butter and bread ________ their daily food,but the bread and the butter ________ up now.

  A.is;is eaten B.are;have been eaten

  C.are;are eaten D.is;have been eaten

  答案 D

  解析 butter and bread抹上黃油的面包,已經(jīng)是一種約定俗成的食物了,所以用單數(shù)形式;the bread and the butter意為“面包和黃油”,是兩種食物,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

  11.An average of 200 letters a week ________ received by the newspaper’s offer.Such ________ the case with us at present.

  A.are;is B.has been;has been

  C.have been;is D.is;are

  答案 A

  解析 an average of+名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);the average of+名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);第二個句子是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),主語是the case,故謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

  12.At the bus stop ________ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.

  A.were B.was C.is D.sits

  答案 A

  解析 表處所的介詞短語置于句首時句子要用倒裝,該句的主語是a soldier and two young people,所以謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

  13.The teacher together with the students ________ discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America.

  A.are;were B.is;were

  C.are;was D.is;was

  答案 D

  解析 “主語+together with+名詞/代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,句中謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)前面的主語定;先行詞Reading Skills應(yīng)是一本書的名字,其定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

  14.Either you or one of your students ________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

  A.are B.is C.have D.be

  答案 B

  解析 句意為:你或者你的一位學(xué)生要參加定于明天的會議。本題主語由either...or...連接,謂語動詞要根據(jù)or之后的部分來確定單復(fù)數(shù)形式,該句中or后是one of your students,所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

  15.Dr.Smith,together with his wife and daughters,________ visit Beijing this summer.

  A.is going to B.are going to

  C.was going to D.were going to

  答案 A

  解析 當主語后出現(xiàn)together with/as well as等介詞短語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)與介詞短語前的主語保持一致,故可排除B、D兩項;根據(jù)時間狀語this summer可知應(yīng)用一般將來時態(tài)。

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