高考英語閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題答題技巧

　　技巧一：順藤摸瓜法巧解細(xì)節(jié)題

　　既然是事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，其答案必然在文中可以直接找到相關(guān)的信息點(diǎn)，有的是根據(jù)一個信息點(diǎn)即可選出答案，有的需要綜合兩個或多個信息點(diǎn)才可選出答案。

　　解答這類題可用“順藤摸瓜”法：

　　題干中的關(guān)鍵詞為“藤”，文中的答案信息為“瓜”。“順藤摸瓜”法，就是根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞(“藤”)到文中去找相同或相似的關(guān)鍵詞句(“藤”)，然后順著這根“藤”找到答案信息(“瓜”)。一般來說“瓜”多在“藤”后面，若后面的信息不是“瓜”，我們就往“藤”前去摸。

　　短文中的“瓜”與選項(xiàng)的“瓜” 一般不會完全相同，而是以同義或近義表達(dá)出現(xiàn)。

　　這種方法特別適用于英語基礎(chǔ)薄弱的同學(xué)，哪怕在閱讀文章上存在障礙，但只要根據(jù)題干中所透露出的關(guān)鍵信息回到原文去找相同或相似的表達(dá)即可。

　　高考細(xì)節(jié)題解題示例

　　What’s a Reaction Like?

　　In the most serious cases, a food allergy can cause anaphylaxis(過敏癥). This is a sudden, severe allergic reaction in which several problems occur all at once and can involve the skin, breathing, digestion, the heart and blood vessels. A person’s blood pressure can drop, breathing tubes can narrow and the tongue can swell. People at risk for this kind of a reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies, when they might need to get special medicine to stop these symptoms from getting worse.

　　What Will the Doctor Do?

　　If you think you may be allergic to a certain food, let your parents know. They will take you to the doctor to get it checked out. If your doctor thinks you might have a food allergy, he or she will probably send you to see a doctor who specializes in allergies. The allergy specialist will ask you about past reactions and how long it takes between eating the food and getting the symptom, such as hives. The allergist also may ask about whether anyone else in your family has allergies or other allergy-related conditions. The allergist may also want to do a skin test. This is a way of seeing how your body reacts to a very small amount of the food that is giving your trouble.

　　4. Which of the following suggestions is given to those at risk of severe allergic reaction?

　　A. Taking medicine as soon as an allergic reaction appears.

　　B. Avoiding eating any food when going outside

　　C. Always carrying with special medicine for possible symptoms.

　　D. Preparing a plan for dealing with emergencies ahead of time.

　　解析：根據(jù)題目，藤就是suggestions to those at risk of severe allergic reaction, 順著這個藤，我們回到文章的People at risk for this kind of a reaction have to be very careful and need a plan for handling emergencies, 找到了瓜D. Preparing a plan for dealing with emergencies ahead of time.

　　35. What will an allergist do to check your food allergy out?

　　A. Ask you about the allergy-associated information.

　　B. Give you some medicine right away.

　　C. Enquire about your present feeling towards the food.

　　D. Give you a shot of liquid extract of food.

　　解析：根據(jù)藤to check your food allergy out 回到文章的The allergy specialist will ask you about past reactions and how long it takes between eating the food and getting the symptom, such as hives. The allergist also may ask about whether anyone else in your family has allergies or other allergy-related conditions. 找到瓜A. Ask you about the allergy-associated information.

　　技巧二：運(yùn)用復(fù)現(xiàn)策略巧解細(xì)節(jié)題

　　所謂“復(fù)現(xiàn)”，就是指某一個單詞或短語意思，以其近義詞、反義詞、上下義詞、同根詞或原詞的形式在文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象。懂得這種現(xiàn)象對解答完形填空非常有用，但用來解答閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題也同樣管用。

　　細(xì)節(jié)理解題的復(fù)現(xiàn)指的是：正確答案選項(xiàng)語句中的單詞或短語與閱讀材料中的單詞或短語構(gòu)成一種重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)系。它同樣可以分為：同義、反義、上下義、同根詞或原詞。

　　運(yùn)用復(fù)現(xiàn)策略解題首先要定位與問題相關(guān)的句子，然后觀察及分析該句子前后的句子是否滿足復(fù)現(xiàn)的情況。請看下面的例子。

　　1.原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)

　　同一單詞或短語在選項(xiàng)中和閱讀材料中同時出現(xiàn)。如：

　　I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.

　　u Before he started his class, the author asked the students to ______.

　　A. write down their suggestions on the paper cards

　　B. cut maple leaves out of the construction paper

　　C. cut some cards out of the construction paper

　　D. write down their names on the paper cards

　　解析：題干中asked(要求)與文中required是同義詞同現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)D與文中都有wrote down their names，屬原詞重現(xiàn)，故選D。

　　2.反義復(fù)現(xiàn)

　　選項(xiàng)中是用與閱讀材料中的單詞或短語意義相反的單詞或短語來表達(dá)相同的意思。如：

　　What’s interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn how to read each other’s body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected.

　　It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs ______.

　　A. have common interests

　　B. are less different than was thought

　　C. have a common body language

　　D. are less intelligent than was expected

　　解析：選項(xiàng)B用more in common (有更多相同之處)來表達(dá)文中的less different (較少不同之處)，屬反義重現(xiàn)，故選B

　　3.同根復(fù)現(xiàn)

　　指在同一語種中詞根相同、意義相似的詞。如：

　　But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12-year-old boy.

　　What can we learn about the author?

　　A. He would be aggressive in his first class.

　　B. He was well-prepared for his first class.

　　C. He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.

　　D. He waited long for the arrival of his first class.

　　ü 解析：選項(xiàng)C中的nervous 與文中的nerves 是同根詞，構(gòu)成同根復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選C。

　　4.上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)

　　上義語句所指的內(nèi)容是概括性的，下義的內(nèi)容是分述具體的。如：

　　I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

　　The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ______.

　　A.they offer their help

　　B. they receive others’ help

　　C. they feel others’ kindness

　　D. they show their weakness

　　解析：閱讀材料 “people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat” 是下義(具體)，選項(xiàng)A “they offer their help”是上義(概括)，故選A。

　　技巧三：信息定位的兩種方法

　　回到原文，能夠在短文中畫出解題依據(jù)是正確解題的關(guān)鍵，更是閱讀理解不丟分的保證，那么如何能快速準(zhǔn)確回到原文找到依據(jù)呢?

　　1. 關(guān)鍵詞定位法

　　這里的關(guān)鍵詞并不一定是中心詞，而是在理解題干所問之后，在題干中能幫助你迅速回到原文的“特征詞”。它在原文出現(xiàn)的頻率很少(多為一次)。常見的關(guān)鍵詞有人名、地名、序數(shù)詞、最高級、時間、數(shù)字等。

　　2. 自然段定位法

　　即命題者往往按照信息點(diǎn)在文中出現(xiàn)的先后來依次命制各個小題，也就是說，各題的答案信息常常在短文中依次出現(xiàn)，排在后面的小題，文中對應(yīng)的信息點(diǎn)也在后面。例如，第1題往往位于第一、二自然段，第2題會在第1題的答案信息之后且與第1題的位置最接近，第3題會在第2題的答案信息之后，往往在文中較為中間的地方，而第 4題則位于文中較后的位置。最后一題(偶爾可能是第1題)一般是主旨題(包括給文章加標(biāo)題、歸納寫作目的)，這時，可能涉及全文內(nèi)容。

　　高考鏈接

　　My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model,I realized this a day late,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars lessthan I had paid,The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night,Fortunately, I didn’t got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.

　　Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static (靜電) noise. For some reason,when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would sound for a few seconds. Gradually,this noise began to appear during a show, and to get rid of it,I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work,and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉) shaking my set.

　　When neither of these methods removed the static noise ,I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether .My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble.

　　21.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?

　　A.He got an older model than he had expected.

　　B.He couldn’t return it when it was broken.

　　C.He could have bought it at a lower price.

　　D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.

　　根據(jù)第一段第四行“when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars lessthan I had paid,” 當(dāng)我看到報紙上75美元比我買的價格低的時候，我感覺我上當(dāng)了。故正確答案選C。

　　22.Which of the following can best replace the phrase”signed off”in Paragraph 1?

　　A.ended all their programs

　　B.provided fewer channels

　　C.changed to commercials

　　D.showed all-night movies

　　根據(jù)“Fortunately, I didn’t got any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.”幸運(yùn)的是， 我不用整晚上看電影了，否則我不能睡覺了，故選A

　　23.How did the author finally get his TV set working again?

　　A. By shaking and hitting it.

　　B. By turning it on and off.

　　C. By switching channels.

　　D. By having it repaired.

　　根據(jù)文章最后一段可知作者修電視機(jī)花了62美元，故正確答案選D.

　　24. How does the anthor sound when telling the story ?

　　A. Curious

　　B. Anxious

　　C. Cautious

　　D. Humorous

　　根據(jù)第一段最后一句話，和最后一段最后一句話，可知作者語調(diào)幽默，故選D.

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