主謂一致即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語(yǔ)保持一致，主謂一致包括語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致和就近一致，語(yǔ)法一致即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上要和主語(yǔ)保持一致，意義一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致，就近一致就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和靠近它的主語(yǔ)部分保持一致。

　　今天學(xué)習(xí)啦小編要與大家分享的是高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)解析：名詞,主謂一致,介詞,代詞。具體內(nèi)容如下，希望能幫助到各位：

　　名 詞

　　【要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】

　　一. 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成規(guī)則:

　　1.規(guī)則變化:加-s, -es; 輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的去y加ies;把f/ fe變成ves;

　　(1)keys , three Henrys; stomachs; safes; beliefs; proofs; roofs; gulfs; chiefs; heroes; potatoes; tomatoes; Negroes; dingoes A

　　(2) 縮寫,數(shù)字,字母等在后面加s或’s都可,如: some VIPs (VIP’s); in his 50s / 50’s; in the 1990s / 1990’s; There are two t’s in the word “letter”.

　　2.不規(guī)則變化:

　　(1) men , children , feet, teeth, geese, mice; oxen等;

　　(2) 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同:sheep; deer; fish; means; works(工廠); Chinese; Japanese; Swiss; (teas, fruits, fishes, metals等表示種類);

　　(3)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式:trousers, glasses(眼鏡);remains(遺體/物);clothes; ashes; contents(目錄); goods; customs(海關(guān)); arms(武器);

　　(4)復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式: shoe shops; lookers-on; grown-ups; passers-by; daughters-in-law

　　(5)表示某國(guó)人的復(fù)數(shù)形式:A:單復(fù)一樣:Chinese / Japanese) B: 把man變成men : Englishmen; Frenchmen; C:其它加s (包括Germans)

　　一、不可數(shù)名詞

　　1.量的表示：用some / a little / much等表示數(shù)量的詞(組)及單位名詞(量詞)，用得較多的有piece, article, bottle, head, loaf, bar等：a piece of advice / bread / news / information / equipment / chalk / cloth / clothing / music / work / furniture / paper / wood / baggage; a loaf of bread; a bar of chocolate ; two head of cattle

　　2.不可數(shù)名詞具體化： These games are great successes; The party was a great success.

　　二、名詞的所有格：

　　1.表示有生命的名詞后加’s, 如一樣?xùn)|西為幾人共有，則在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s: Jack and Tom’s room(兩人共有的房間); Jack’s and Tom’s rooms(兩人各自的房間);表示無(wú)生命的名詞的所有格用of表示：the windows of the room;

　　(但表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等無(wú)生命的名詞后也可加’s: China’s industry; today’s paper; ten minutes’ walk)

　　2.表示“某人家里”“某店鋪”等的名詞所有格后省略所修飾的名詞：at my aunt’s (house); at the doctor’s (office); go to the chemist’s (shop);

　　3.雙重所有格：a / an / this / that / these / those / some / any / a few / no / every / several / such / another / which 等+名詞+of +…..’s / 名詞性物主代詞(表示“部分”的概念或表示某種感情色彩，如：贊賞、討厭等);

　　比較：

　　a friend of her mother’s她母親的一個(gè)朋友(強(qiáng)調(diào)她母親的朋友中的一位，為雙重所有格)

　　a friend of her mother她母親的朋友(強(qiáng)調(diào)兩人間的關(guān)系，為of所有格)

　　a picture of his brother’s(他弟弟的所擁有的照片中的一張，照片上不一定是他本人)

　　a picture of his brother(他弟弟本人的一張照片，照片上就是他本人)

　　三、名詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞：前一個(gè)名詞表示后一個(gè)名詞的特點(diǎn)、性質(zhì)及用途;

　　(1)一般前面的名詞用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)加在后面主體名詞上：shoe shop(s); story book(s); coffee cup(s); physics teacher(s); 個(gè)別名詞修飾另外一個(gè)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式：sales manager; sports meet; 由man / woman與另一個(gè)名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞兩者都變復(fù)數(shù)：men/ women doctors;

　　(2)比較名詞作定語(yǔ)及形容詞作定語(yǔ)的不同意義：

　　a dust bag ( a bag for dust) 裝灰塵的袋子/ a dusty bag布滿灰塵的袋子 a chemical change化學(xué)變化(具有化學(xué)性質(zhì)的變化)/ a chemistry teacher( a teacher of chemistry)一個(gè)化學(xué)老師

　　a gold watch 一只金表(表材質(zhì))/ a golden watch一只金黃色的表

　　五.英語(yǔ)中”很多”的表達(dá):

　　只修飾可數(shù)名詞:quite a few / a great many (of) / many / a (large / small) number of

　　只修飾不可數(shù)名詞: a great deal of / a great amount of ( great amounts of)

　　既可修飾可數(shù)也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞:plenty of / a lot of ( lots of ) / a (large) quantity of / large quantities of

　　【各個(gè)擊破】

　　1.No regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails to stick to the _____of his advertisement.

　　A. standard B. level C. message D. promise

　　2.-----What do you think of his composition?

　　------Much better, but there’s still some ______for improvement.

　　A. space B. room C. area D. place

　　3. Sometimes doctors make higher ______ for their work than they should.

　　A. bills B. charges C. costs D. prices

　　4. The ______of a big snake made her frightened, so she sat there still.

　　A. sight B. look C. view D. scene

　　5.No ______ she fell ill, considering that she had been overworking for years.

　　A. problem B. way C. wonder D. matter

　　6. -----How is it that you lost your way?

　　------When I came to the crossroads, I went the wrong ________.

　　A. way B. direction C. distance D. path

　　7. Little Tom asked me for small _________ for his _________piece, so I gave him ________.

　　A. change; ten pennies; ten pence B. changes; ten pennies; ten pence

　　C. change; ten pence; ten pennies D. changes; ten pence; ten pennies

　　8. Will you please tell me _______you are talking about?

　　A. which Zhang Yimou’s film B. which film of Zhang Yimou

　　C. which film of Zhang Yimou’s D. zhangYimou’s which film

　　9. The baby broke a _______which is made of _____just now.

　　A. tea cup; glass B. cup of tea; glass C. tea’s cup; glasses D. tea cup; glasses

　　10. Look, Mother has just bought three _______ and _______.

　　A. fruit; lots of vegetables B. fruits; a number of vegetables

　　C. fruit; a great many of the vegetables D. fruits; a great amount of vegetables

　　11. If you get the job you’ll have to make business ______every now and then.

　　A. journeys B. trips C. travels D. voyages

　　12. I listened to his lecture about biology , but I missed the key ______.

　　A. messages B. sense C. notes D. points

　　13. He is always full of ______as though he never knew tiredness.

　　A. strength B. force C. power D. energy

　　14.There has been a great _______ in the number of cars in our city in the past five years.

　　A. increase B. improvement C. result D. effect

　　15. I don’t think it’s my ______ that the TV doesn’t work. I just turned it off.

　　A. mistake B. fault C. duty D. error

　　16. ---- What’s the ______ of this pair of shoes?

　　---- 500 yuan.

　　---- Oh, it’s really too expensive.

　　---- But it’s comfortable, so I think it’s good _______ for money.

　　A. cost; value B. price; value C. price; cost D. cost; price

　　17. How did you like the ________of the interpreter(口譯員)at the conference on TV?

　　A. performance B. achievement C. material D. words

　　18.She is not in good _______for such heavy work.

　　A. state B. condition C. position D. situation

　　19.It’s bad _______ for a man to smoke in public places where smoking is not allowed.

　　A. manners B. action C. movement D. manner

　　20. Johnson is an honest businessman. Our company and his has had a lot of _______ in the past few years.

　　A. agreements B. sales C. deals D. bargains

　　主謂一致

　　【要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】

　　英語(yǔ)句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)取得一致，這就叫做主謂一致。解決主謂一致主要遵循三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。

　　1：either , neither , each , one , the other , another , anybody , anyone , anything , somebody , someone , something , everything ,everybody , everyone ,no one , nothing ,nobody 做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。

　　Neither of the two sentences is correct .

　　Everything around us is matter .

　　(注意：none , neither, all ,any作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)，具體取決于說(shuō)話人的意思。)

　　None of them owns/own a car .

　　Neither of the boys are / is interested in geography.

　　All are here. And all that can be done has been done.

　　2 ：表示“時(shí)間、距離、金額、重量、面積、體積、容積”等度量的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　Five minutes is enough .

　　Four hundred francs is a lot of money .

　　3：each …and each …，every …and every ;no …and no ;many a …and many a …等結(jié)構(gòu)由于強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體行為，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)。

　　Each boy and each girl has got a new English-Chinese dictionary .

　　No sound and no voice is heard for a long time .

　　4：從句、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式。

　　To say something is one thing , to do it is another .(to say something , to do 是不定式)

　　“How do you do?” is not a question but a greeting .(How do you do ?是句子，作主語(yǔ))

　　(注意：what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意其所指的具體內(nèi)容來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)。)

　　What we need is more time ,while what they need are more doctors and medicines .

　　5：one and a half 后面帶名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。

　　One and half bananas is left on the table .

　　6：用and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示單一概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)。

　　The headmaster and Party secretary is going abroad next month .

　　Bread and butter is my usual breakfast .

　　7 ：有些名詞呈復(fù)數(shù)形式，但并不表示復(fù)數(shù)概念。

　　The news is disappointing that a chemical works is to be built in the west of the city .

　　8：名詞由and 或both …and 連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop .

　　9：people , public , police , cattle 做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上使用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　The police have caught the murderer. And people are talking about the news.

　　考點(diǎn)10：表示成雙、成套的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　Your trousers are too long, but these shoes fit you quite well.

　　但有a pair of 連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)。

　　A pair of gloves is a nice present for her.

　　11: 不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，但前面有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　Three million tons of oil are exploited every year in the oil field.

　　12: 在or , either ---or --- , neither--- nor --- ,not only --- but also --- , not --- but --- , there be 等結(jié)構(gòu)中，采取就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近的主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)。

　　Either the teacher or the students are to blame.

　　Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.

　　考點(diǎn)13 : 下列結(jié)構(gòu)用于引起一個(gè)附加的成分，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)不受附加成分的影響而于前面的主語(yǔ)取得一致: as well as ; rather than ; like ; except ; besides ; with ; along with ; including ; such --- as--- ;;

　　No one but Jack and Mary knows about it .

　　I as well as they am ready to help you .

　　考點(diǎn)14：some of ; plenty of ; a lot of ; most of ; the rest of ; all(of ) ; half (of );分?jǐn)?shù)或百分之+of +名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，以名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)為準(zhǔn)。

　　A lot of students are waiting outside .And lots of the time has been wasted .

　　More than 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water .

　　Ten percent of the apples are bad .

　　The rest of the story needs no telling .

　　He stayed at home and the rest of the boys were out at play .

　　15：由a kind of ; this kind of ; many kinds of 和名詞+ of this kind 等以及與kind 意思相近的type , sort 等構(gòu)成的類似的短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of 前的名詞取得一致。

　　This kind of apple sells well in China .

　　Apples of this kind are highly priced .

　　16：more than 開(kāi)頭的句子，看其后面的名詞。

　　More than one answer is written on the blackboard .

　　More than two hundred soldiers were killed in the battle .

　　17: 定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與先行詞一致，但one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/ that / which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式看one 的前面是否有the (only )等修飾語(yǔ)，有為單數(shù)，無(wú)為復(fù)數(shù)。

　　This is one of the best books that have appeared this year.

　　She is the only one of those women who doesn’t know a thing about knitting(編織) .

　　18: population ; company ; class . team ; family ; group ; nation ; world ; government 等詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù);如果強(qiáng)調(diào)組成成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　Our family has a reunion every year .

　　His family are waiting for him .

　　19 ：the +形容詞，表示一類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);若指單數(shù)，則用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

　　The rich are for the plan , but the poor are against it .

　　The true is to be distinguished from the false .

　　真實(shí)應(yīng)與假相區(qū)別。(the true / the false表單數(shù)概念)

　　20：a number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。the number of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。如：

　　A number of people were killed and injured in the explosion .

　　The number of people who were killed in the tsunami(海嘯) has grown to 160,000.