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初三英語知識點歸納

時間: 如英2 初三英語

  初三英語知識點歸納:副詞

  (一)形容詞的用法及位置

  1.形容詞在句中作定語、表語、賓語補足語等,作定語時一般放在名詞前。

  Eg. She has short hair.(作定語)

  Paul is tall.(作表語)

  We must keep our room clean.(作賓補)

  2.形容詞修飾不定代詞時放在其后。

  eg.She has something important to tell us.

  There’s nothing wrong in the sentence.

  (二)副詞的種類、用法及位置

  1.副詞的種類

  (1)時間副詞

  ①表示大體時間:now,then,yesterday,today,tonight,before,just now,recently,so far

  ②表示頻率:always,usually,often,sometimes, seldom,never

  ③其它作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,atfirst,at last,finally

  (2)地點副詞

  ①表地點:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere

  ②表位置關系(后接賓語時,用作介詞):above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over,away,near,off,past

  (3)方式副詞 表示謂語動詞“怎樣地”,(此類副詞大部分由形容詞加ly構成):badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently,politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,wrongly,suddenly

  (4)程度副詞 多數用來修飾形容詞或副詞:much,(a)little,a bit,very,so,too,enough,quite, rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly

  (5)疑問副詞 構成特殊疑問句:how,when, where,why

  (6)連接副詞 連接主語、賓語或表語從句:how,when,where,why

  (7)關系副詞 引導定語從句:when,where,why

  (8)其它性質的副詞 對整個句子進行說明,一般用逗號與主句隔開:frankly(坦率地說,說真的),generally(一般說來),luckily(幸運地是),first of all(首先)等。

  2.副詞的用法及位置

  (1)修飾動詞作狀語

  ①多數位于動詞之后,及物動詞的賓語或介問的賓語之后。

  eg.The farmers are working hard in the field.

  She speaks English well.

  The nurse looks after the babies carefully.

  ②頻度副詞放在動詞前,情態動詞和助動詞之后。

  eg.He always goes to school On foot.

  She was often late for school.

  I have never been to Beijing·

  (2)修飾形容詞作狀語,放在形容詞前。

  eg.He has a very nice watch.

  The box is too heavy.

  (3)修飾另一副詞作狀語,放在另一副詞前。

  eg.She paints quite well.

  You speak too fast.I can’t understand you.

  (4)作表語,放在系動詞后。

  eg.Is anybody in?

  (5)作賓語補足語,放在賓語之后。

  eg.I saw him out just now.

  (6)作定語,放在名詞之后。

  eg.There is a man:here On vacation.

  (7)疑問副詞、修飾整個句子的副詞以及perhaps,first,sometimes,finally等副詞,一般放在句首。

  eg.Finally,I finished the work.

  Perhaps he’s watching TV at home.

  (8)表示程度的副詞一般放在被修飾詞前,而enough則放在它所修飾的詞后。

  eg. He is old enough to go to school.

  (三)形容詞和副詞的比較等級

  1.比較級、最高級的構成

  (1)單音節和少數雙音節詞

  ①一般在詞尾加er或est

  great--greater——greatest,young——younger——youngest,slow→slower→slowest

  ②以e結尾的只加r或st

  nice——nicer----nicest,large——larger—largest.

  ③以輔音字母加y結尾的,先變y為i,再加er或est

  heavy——heavier——heaviest, easy——easier——easiest, busy——busier——busiest, funny——funnier——funniest,early---earlier---earliest

  ④以重讀閉音節結尾的詞,先雙寫最末的一個輔音字母,再加er或est 。

  big——bigger——biggest, thin——thinner——thinnest,fat——fatter——fattest,fit——fitter——fittest

  (2)多音節和部分雙音節詞,前加more為比較級,加(the)most為最高級

  careful→more careful——most careful

  useful——more useful——most useful

  popular→more popular→most popular

  carelessly——more carelessly——most carelessly

  (3)不規則變化的詞

  good/well→better→best

  bad/ill/badly→worse→worst

  many/much→more→most

  little→less→least

  old→older/elder→oldest(指年齡大小)/eldest(指長幼順序)

  far→farther/further→farthest(指距離)/furthest(指程度)

  2.形容詞和副詞比較級、最高級的用法

  (1)形容詞和副詞比較級的用法

  ①用于兩者比較,表示“比…更…”:

  “A+系動詞+形容詞比較級+than+B,

  eg.I am two years older than my little sister.

  “A+謂語動詞+副詞比較級+than+B:

  eg. She gets to school earlier than the other students.

  ②用于兩者之間的同級比較,表示“…和…一樣”:

  “A+系動詞+as+形容詞原級+as+B,

  eg.Bill is as funny as his father.

  “A+謂語動詞+as+副詞原級+as+B”

  eg.Lucy speaks Chinese as well as Lily.

  ③表示甲在某方面不如乙:

  “A+系動詞+not as/so+形容詞原級+as十B”

  eg.These books aren’t as interesting as those.

  “A+助動詞/情態動詞+not+謂語動詞+as/so+B”

  eg.She didn’t sing so well that night as she usually does.

  ④表示某個范圍內的兩者相比:

  “A十動詞十the+比較級+of短語(比較范圍)” eg.Penny is the taller of the two girls.Penny是這兩個女孩中較高的一個。

  ⑤表示“越來越…”:“比較級+and+比較級”

  eg.In spring the days are getting longer and longer. 在春天,白天變得越來越長。

  ⑥表示“越…越…”:“the+比較級…the+比較級”

  eg.The more you practice using English,the better you’ll learn it 你英語練得越多,就會學得越好。

  ①可以用much,far,even,a bit,a little,a lot等修飾比較級表示程度,但決不可用very修飾。

  eg.Tom is a little taller than Mike.Tom比Mike稍高一點;

  it is even colder today than yesterday. 今天甚至比昨天更冷

  ⑧在比較級中,為了避免重復,可用that或those代替前面提到過的事情。

  eg.The weather here is much hotter than that of our hometown.這兒比我的老家熱得多。

  The pants in this shop are a lot better than those in that shop.這家商店的褲子比那家商店的褲子質量好得多。

  (3)形容詞和副詞最高級的用法

  對三者或三者以上的人或物進行比較時用最高級。形容詞最高級前面要加定冠詞the,副詞最高級前可加the,也可省掉the;后面可帶of/in短浯來說明比較范圍:

  “主語+系動詞+the+形容詞最高級+of短語/in短語”

  eg.She is the youngest of all.

  “A+謂語動詞+(the)+最高級+of短語/in短語”

  eg.Linda draws most carefully in her class.

  初三英語知識點歸納:冠詞

  用在名詞前,幫助說明其意義

  冠詞分為不定冠詞a/an和定冠詞the,放在名詞前。

  a/an用在單數可數名詞前(a用于輔音音素開頭的詞前,an用于元音音素開頭的詞前)。

  1.不定冠詞

  (1)不定冠詞的用法

  ①泛指—類人或物。

  eg.This is a pencil case.

  She’s a doctor.

  ②指不具體的某個人或物。

  eg.I met an old man On my way home.

  ③用在序數詞前,相當于another。

  eg.There’s a third boy near the shop.

  ④表示“每—(個)”,相當于every。

  eg.They have music lessons twice a week.

  ⑤固定搭配。

  a lot of,a lot,a little,a few,a glass Of,such a/an, have a word with,have a look,have a try,have a swim,a quarter,half an hour, three times a day,have a talk,give a talk,ten Yuan a kilo

  (2)不定冠詞的位置

  ①不定冠詞—般放在所修飾的單數可數名詞前。

  eg,a bike,an egg

  ②當名詞被such,what,many修飾時,不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。

  eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.

  He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.

  What a dangerous job it is!

  Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.

  ③當名詞前的形容詞前有so,how,too等詞時,不定冠詞應放在形容詞之后。

  Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.

  How nice a film this is!

  ④當名詞前面有形容詞和quite,rather,very時,不定冠詞放在quite,rather之后,very之前。

  eg.It is quite a good book.

  That is rather a useful too1.

  This is a very interesting story

  2.定冠詞的用法表示上文中所提到過的人或物。

  eg:l have two children,a boy and a girl.The boy's name is Mark.The girl’s name is Penny.

  (2)特指某(些)人或物。

  eg: The girl in a red dress comes from America.

  (3)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或物。

  eg: My shoes are under the bed.

  (4)用在形容最高級和部分比較級前。

  eg. Tom is the taller of the two boys.

  (5)用在序數詞前。

  eg Monday is the second day of a week.

  (6)用在世界上獨一無二的事物前(如太陽、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。

  eg The moon moves round the earth.

  (7)用在某些形容詞前,表示—類人或物,同時謂語動詞用復數形式。

  the rich(富人),the poor(窮人),the deaf(聾人),the blind(盲人),the dead(死者),the wounded(傷員)

  (8)用在姓氏復數前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫婦”。

  eg.The Greens are having dinner at home.

  (9)用在樂器前。

  eg.play the piano/guitar/violin/drums.

  (10)用于逢“十”的復數數詞前,指某個世紀中的幾十年代或人的大約年歲。

  eg. in the 1970s, a highway was built to link up the city with my hometown.

  I think he is in the thirties.

  (11)用在某些專有名詞和習慣用語中。

  the United Nations,the Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Palace Museum,in the end,in the day,in the middle Of,all the time,in the east,by the way,On the way tO,the(more)...

  the(more)…“越…越…”

  3.不用冠詞的情況

  (1)名詞前有指示代詞this,that,these,those時不用冠詞。

  eg.That girl is my friend.

  (2)名詞前有物主代詞my,your,his her,their等時不用冠詞。

  eg.Lucy is her sister.

  (3)名詞前有whose,which,SO[1ie,any,each,every等代詞時不用冠詞。

  eg.Which man is Mr Green?

  Each student has a beautiful picture.

  (4)復數名詞表示一類人或物時不用冠詞。

  eg.Those young men are teachers,not students.

  (5)物質名詞表示種類時不用冠詞。

  eg.Snow is white.

  (6)抽象名詞表示一般概念時不用冠詞。

  eg.Does she like music?

  (7)在球類運動和棋類游戲前時不用冠詞。

  eg.play basketball/soccer/chess

  (8)在三餐前不用冠詞。

  eg.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner

  (9)在人名、地名、節假日、星期、月份前不用。

  Eg. Tina,China,Tian an men Square,Beijing University,New Year’s Day,Tuesday,January

  (10)在學科和節目名稱前不用冠詞。

  eg.My favorite is English.

  (11)在某些固定搭配中不用冠詞。

  eg.at noon, at work,at home,by bus, by air,On foot,from morning till night,at night,go to school,go to bed,at last

  4.在有些詞組中,用冠詞和不用冠詞意思有較大區別。

  in hospital(在住院);in the hospital(在醫院)

  in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在監獄里)

  at table(吃飯,用餐);at the table(在桌旁)

  in front of(在某個范圍之外的前面);in the front of(在某個范圍之外的前面)

  go to college(上大學);go to the college(去那所大學)

  take place(發生);take the place(代替)

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