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高考英語動詞時態和語態知識總結

時間: 文樺2 高三英語

  時態和語態是學生學習英語過程中首先要掌握的一個語法項目,同時,動詞時態與語態題是高考英語單項選擇題中的一項測試重點。隨著高考英語單項題設題語境化考點的進一步強化,動詞時態題在語境中進行測試的這一特點更趨突出,由此給考生的應試增加了一定的難度。以下是學習啦小編為大家精心準備的:高考英語動詞時態和語態知識總結,歡迎參考閱讀!

  高考英語動詞時態和語態知識總結如下:

  動詞的時態和語態是歷年高考英語測試的重中之重,一般占1—2道題。命題思路有三:一是直接給出標志性時間狀語,考生能依據所給時間狀語作出選擇;二是給出時間狀語,但所給時間狀語有著較強的干擾性,考生不能直接根據時間狀語作出選擇,需要結合語境判斷;三是沒有任何時間狀語,需要借助于上下文語境,才能作出正確判斷。

  考生應熟知常用時態和被動語態的構成及用法。高考題往往不會涉及單一的時態語態,而是更多地側重于時態的交叉使用和呼應及與語態的結合使用。所以解題時一定要結合語境,弄清時間的先后關系,可根據不同情況采取“找標法”(尋找時間標志詞)、“呼應法”(主從句時態呼應)、“搭配法”(固定搭配)、“語境法”等解題技巧。

  一、識別標志詞

  如果題干中有標志性的時間狀語,則往往可以根據時間狀語選擇相應的時態。

  [例]①More than a dozen students in that school ________ abroad to study medicine last year.

  A. sent B. were sentC. had sentD. had been sent

  [解析] 此題有明顯的時間標志詞last year,提示我們應該使用一般過去時;句中的主語students是被送的對象,應該使用被動語態。答案為B。

  動詞的時態一般都有其相應的時間狀語,請同學們熟記下列8種常用時態所對應的時間狀語。

  (1)一般現在時:often, always, usually, seldom, now, every day等。

  (2)一般過去時:then, yesterday, last week, after that, ago, in the following/next few months等。

  (3)現在進行時:now, right now, at present, at this moment, these days等。

  (4)過去進行時:then, at that time, at this time yesterday等。

  (5)現在完成時: recently, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years…, for+一段時間, since + 一點時間等。

  (6)過去完成時:before, by the end of last month/years…等。

  (7)一般將來時:tomorrow, today, next week/month…, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等。

  (8)過去將來時:the following month, the next week等。

  [命題角度及對策]高考測試動詞時態須與句中時間狀語一致時,常在題干中加入具體情景,以測試考生對動詞時態知識的實際運用能力。敏銳捕捉時間標志詞,并結合具體的語境,選擇出正確的動詞時態,是解決此類問題的良策。

  二、主從時態須呼應

  如果所給題干是主從復合句,可根據主從句時態呼應的原則選出正確的時態。

  命題角度及對策]近年來高考考查主從句的時態呼應時,常放在真實的并且符合實際的語境中進行考查。在根據時態呼應原則解題時,要把握好以下幾點:

  (1)在時間、條件等狀語從句中,用一般現在時表示一般將來時,一般過去時表示過去將來時,用現在完成時表示將來完成時。

  (2)正確認定主句動詞及從句動詞兩個動作發生的時間,并認真體會命題者所給出的語境。

  (3)解答賓語從句與主句時態呼應題時,考生應熟知以下規則:主句動詞為現在時,則從句動詞可根據需要使用任何時態;主句動詞為過去時,則從句動詞須用恰當的過去的某種時態(表示客觀真理時使用一般現在時)。

  三、仔細體會語境

  近年來高考試題對時態語態考查的要求越來越高,大部分試題趨向情境化、實際化。因此,仔細體會所給語境,根據具體語境選擇合適的時態是考生需要重點解決的問題。

  例:—Do you think we should accept that offer?

  —Yes,we should,for we______ such bad luck up till now,and time______ out.

  A. have had;is running

  B. had;is running

  C. have;has been run

  D. have had;has been run

  【答案解析】 A。由時間標志詞up till now知道,動作是從過去延續到現在,所以第一空要用現在完成時;而根據語境可知時間快要耗光了,所以第二空要用進行時表將來。

  —Can you tell me the timetable of the__________school bus?

  —Well, the bus__________here for the __________campus at 7:00 A.m..

  A.will leave B.left

  C.is leaving D.leaves

  【答案解析】 D。考查時態,“校班車的時間表”是規定好的事情,表示一般性動作用一般現在時。

  【精選試題】 名校模擬題及其答案

  1. — What’s that terrible noise ?

  — The neighbors _____ for a party.

  A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare

  2. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _____ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.

  A. had considered B. has been considering

  C. has been completed D. is going to consider

  3. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _____ by 2006.

  A. has been completed B. has completed

  C. will have been completed D. will have completed

  4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly.

  A. is changing B. has changed

  C. will have changed D. will change

  5. I _____ Ping –pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.

  A. played B. will play C. have played D. play

  6. Visitors ______ not to touch the exhibits.

  A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested

  7. John and I _____ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _____ each other a couple of times before that.

  A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen

  C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen

  8. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He ______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.

  A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing

  9. — How are the team playing ?

  — They are playing well, but one of them _____ hurt.

  A. got B. gets C. are D. were

  10. — You haven’t said a word about my new coua, Brenda. Do you like it ?

  — I’m sorry, I _____ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.

  A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say

  11. I wonder why Jenny ____ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.

  A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written

  12. My uncle ______ until he was forty –five.

  A. married B. didn’t marry C. was not marrying D. would marry

  13. — When will you come to see me, Dad ?

  — I will go to see you when you _____ the training course.

  A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish

  14. — How long _____ at this job ?

  — Since 1990

  A. were you cmployed B. have you been employed

  C. had you been employed D. will you be employed

  15. With the rapid growth of population, the city _____ in all directions in the past five years.

  A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread

  16. The silence of the library _____ only by the sound of pages being turned over.

  A. has been broken B. breaks C. broke D. was broken

  17. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _____.

  A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown

  18. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge ? It will _____ fresh for several days.

  A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed

  19. — Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to

  — Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr Parker to you, and _____ you forget it !

  A. do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t

  20. At this time tomorrow _____ over the Atlantic.

  A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly

  21. The news came as no surprise to me. I _____ for some time that the factory was going to shut down.

  A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know

  22. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it.

  A. doesn’t mention B. hadn’t mentioned C. didn’t mention D. hasn’t mentioned

  23. No one in the department but Tom and I _____ that the director is going to resign.

  A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know

  24. Although he has lived with us for years, he ______ us much impression.

  A. hadn’t left B. didn’t leave C. doesn’t leave D. hasn’t left

  25. how can you possibly miss the news ? It _____ on TV all day long.

  A. has been B. bad been C. was D. will be

  26. — Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.

  — Where was I ?

  — You _____ you didn’t like your father’s job.

  A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying

  27. I arrived late; I _____ the road to be so iey.

  A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting

  28. I ______ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time !

  A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep

  29. Let’s keep to the point orwe ______ any decisions.

  A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached

  30. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying, so I’m afraid I _____ half of it.

  A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed

  答案與解析

  1、B 根據題意先排除D 項,因為回答方要說明書現在的情況;A項have prepare說明已經準備好,C項prepare是目前的習慣性動作,B項瑞在進行時表示動作的示完性。因此B 項為最佳答案。

  2、B 句意:因為Lucy失業了,所以她在考慮重返校園,但她現在還沒決定。根據題意說話者在說現在的情況,因此排除了A、C、D三項,B飛行員現在完成進行時,表示現在的事,進行時強調“考慮”這個動作的“未完性”,所以是最佳答案。

  3、C 句意:北京市說所有北京奧林區克建筑將于2006年完成。此題考查英語動詞的語態和時態,很顯然本題應該用被動語態,因此排除B、D根據時間狀語by2006,應選擇將來完成時,因此選C。

  4、A 題干中主句為Selecting a mobile phone …is no easy task,謂語動詞表示了一種“含此刻在內的廣泛意義上的現在時間”,使用的是一般現在時態(…is no easy task);后面的狀態從句(because…)中則說明原因為“技術更新變化迅速”,應采用現在進行時:(technology)is changing(so rapidly).現在進行時態在此表示了一種“持續變化”的狀態,體現了“變化、趨勢、發展和進展”

  5、D 題干后的分句(but…)為轉折語氣,并在句中使用了現在完成時態(I haven’t had time to play),表示自從new year以來一直沒有打過乒乓球,由此可以排除選項B(will play)、C(have played).由此推斷前一人句中所說狀態為“含此刻在內的廣泛意義上的現在時間”,則空中應該使用一般現在時態表達這一時間概念。

  6、D 句意為:參觀者被要求不觸摸展品。所以應該用被動形式。

  7、D第一空為現在完成時,與一段時間狀語連用(for eight years);第二空:在一次晚會上認識之前就見過,上是“過去的過去”的一個動作,幫選D。

  8、C 從上下文可知,Ted已經死了,屬于過去發生的事情, 對于動詞kill來講,應是被動關系,故選C

  9、A 由題中所設語境可知,一句隊員受傷應是過去的動作,故選A。

  10、D從對話題干所設語境看,此處談論的是過去所沒有發生的事(you haven’t said a word…)此對話中,Brenda 為自己沒能對朋友所穿新衣早加贊賞向對方表示歉意;sooner(=at an earlier time)作為附加狀語傳達了十分重要的時間信息。

  此處仍應使用表示過去行為的簡單過去時,與后面句子中的現在時態(I certainly think…)形成對照。其余選項所給時態…hasn’t written us recently。

  11、A 前句中recently與事句中動詞民用的語氣為重要提示:We should have heard from her by now.=We haven,t heard from her by now此處討論最近該發生而沒發生的事,用現在完成時態:…hasn’t written us recently. 12、B marry是終止性動詞,用在此not…until句型中表示“我叔叔直到四十五歲才結婚。”

  13、D when從句中通常用一般現在時形式表將來時間。

  14、B答語中的since1990是關鍵信息。

  15、B 時間狀語in the past five years與現在時間有關。

  16、D圖書館的安靜被打破,故須用被動語態;情景中找不出與現在有關的時間信息,故A是錯誤的。

  17、C grow與as從句里的wait發生。 題干前半句為時間狀語,提供了極為重要的時間線索:All morning as she waited…,表示了過去的一段延續時間,本空之中動詞所表示的行為(her nervousness “grow”)與此同時進行。此處仍應使用一般過去時。

  本題中與現在時間相關的兩個選項(A. has grown B is growing)很容易排除;D項(had grown)過去完成時態,應用于表示過去特定時間之前的行為,與語境不符,也可排除。

  18、B stay這晨是系動詞的用法,不用被動形式。

  根據本題設空之后所執著續的形容詞fresh判斷,選項所給動詞stay為系動詞(=to continue or remain in a place ,position or condition——COLLINS NEW ENGLISH DICTIONARY), 因此,很容易排除A項(系動詞不可能使用權用被動語態);從句意看,說話人向對方提出建議(Why don’t you…?),然后闡明依據(the meat will…),應該是stay 的一般形式,而不會是進行式(C 項be staying)或完成式(D項have stayed)。

  19、D注意Mr Parker 這里針對的是“Sorry , joe”這件事,而不是“ I didn’t mean to…”那件事。而前者正是“此時此刻”發生的,故應用一般現在時。句意:你應稱呼我帕克先生,你不是忘了吧!題干選材為大小對話形式,語境完整,前者向 Joe道歉,后者(joe本人)拒不接受道歉,認為稱呼自己為Joe是:“套近乎”。提醒并警千對方,語氣非常嚴厲。

  20、B at this time tomorrow 指明的是將來的某一具體時間,故用來將進行時。

  21、A 在The news came 之前我就已經知道,故用將來進行時。

  22、C but連接的并列句,時態與thought一致。

  23、A句子的主語是no one,謂語動詞應當用單數。

  24、D although從句中的has lived是非常重要的時間住處說話的人的意思是:雖然他與我們一起生活多年(從過去到現在),但他沒有給我們留下多少印象。所以,這里使用C項是不恰當的。

  25、A根據can的形式(而不是could)可以判斷,這里并不是談論純粹的過去或過去的過去,但顯然也不是將來時間。

  26、C 語境中暗含著一個時間信息:當我打斷你說話的時候。

  27、C arrive是關鍵信息:(我在出發之前)沒有預料到路會這么滑。這里談論的顯然是過去(started)的過去(had expected).

  28、C根據woke(wake 的過去式)可以判斷,這里談論的與“現在”無關,因此可以排除B和D兩項。I是在讀書期間睡著的(while reading),而不是在之前睡著的,所以A項也是不恰當的。

  29、A 句意:請不要偏離話題,不然的話,我們就不會取勝得決定。祈使句與and 或or 連用是常見的說法,又如:Turn left and you will find the bookstore.向左轉,你就會找到那個書店里。Listen to me or you will never succeed.聽我的話,否則,你不會成功的。同時在談到will do和be going to do 表示將來的區別時,will表意愿和既時的將來,而后者表示計劃的或有跡象的將來。例如:

  Give him the big apple or he oil not allow us to go with him.

  —Why didn’t you come to my birthday party?

  —I was going to ,but my wife returned.

  30、D 句意:(當時)我并沒有注意他說的話,所以(現在)我覺得他講的話一半我沒有聽到。題干句中透圳出時間信息的三個地方:wasn’t ,was saying和I’m afraid是做出選擇的重要依據。

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