亚洲伊人网站-亚洲伊人精品-亚洲伊人电影-亚洲一在线-久久国产一区二区-久久国产一区

高分網(wǎng) > 初中學習方法 > 初三學習方法 > 初三英語 >

初中英語知識點總結(jié)大全

時間: 如英2 初三英語

▼目錄▼

◆初中英語知識點總結(jié):被動語態(tài)◆

◆初中英語知識點總結(jié):句型結(jié)構(gòu)◆

◆初中英語中考必備知識點總結(jié)◆

◆拓展閱讀:初中提升英語成績方法◆

初中英語知識點總結(jié):被動語態(tài)

一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式

1. 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化

被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be+過去分詞構(gòu)成,be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例,各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為:

1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時

例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2) has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時

例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

3) am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進行時

例A new cinema is being built here.

4) was/were done 一般過去時

例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

5) had been done 過去完成時

例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

6) was/were being done 過去進行時

例A meeting was being held when I was there.

7) shall/will be done 一般將來時

例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

8) should/would be done 過去將來時

例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9) shall/will have been done 將來完成時(少用)

例The project will have been completed before July.

2. 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式

1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為:情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語,在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時,可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

3) 當“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語,其余不動。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

4)在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時,在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5) 有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組,如“動詞+介詞”,“動詞+副詞”等,也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu),但要把它們看作一個整體,不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)

v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)) 。

二、 如何使用被動語態(tài)

學習被動語態(tài)時,不僅要知道被動語態(tài)的各種語法結(jié)構(gòu),還要知道在哪些情況中使用被動語態(tài)。

1. 講話者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者 (這時可省 by 短語)。

例 My bike was stolen last night.

2. 借助被動的動作突出動作的執(zhí)行者。

例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

3. 為了更好地安排句子。

例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一個主語就夠了)

三、 It is said that+從句及其他類似句型

一些表示“據(jù)說”或“相信”的動詞如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+過去分詞+that從句”或“主語+be+過去分詞+to do sth.”。有:

It is said that… 據(jù)說,It is reported that…據(jù)報道,It is believed that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is well known that…眾所周知,It is thought that…大家認為,It is suggested that…據(jù)建議。

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )

四、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義

1.英語中有很多動詞如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,當它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時,常用其主動形式 表達被動意義,主語通常是物。

例 This kind of cloth washes well.

注意:主動語態(tài)表被動強調(diào)的是主語的特征,而被動語態(tài)則強調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。

試比較:The door won't lock. (指門本身有毛病)

The door won't be locked. (指不會有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因)

2. 表示“發(fā)生、進行”的不及物動詞和短語,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。

例 How do the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何引出來的呢?

3. 系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。

例Your reason sounds reasonable

五、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義

在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義 。

1. 在need,want,require, bear等詞的后面,動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義,其含義相當于動詞不定式的被動形式。

例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).這房子需要修理。

2. 形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義,但不能跟動詞不定式;而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。

例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)

3. 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語,不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時,又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。

例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do與things是動賓關(guān)系,與I是主謂關(guān)系。)

試比較:I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)

4. 在某些“形容詞+不定式”做表語或賓語補足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中,句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時,這時常用不定式的主動形式表達被動意義。這些形容詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。

例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).

5. 在too… to…結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式前面可加邏輯主語,所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。

例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.

6. 在there be…句型中,當動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時,不定式用主動式作定語,重點在人,用被動形式作定語,重點在物。

例There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,誰 lost time不明確。)

7. 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動, 被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。

例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?

返回目錄>>>

初中英語知識點總結(jié):句型結(jié)構(gòu)

初中英語語法中,有很多特殊句型結(jié)構(gòu),牢記這些句型結(jié)構(gòu),以后再運用上就可以得心應(yīng)手。下面是初中英語重點句型結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié),希望能幫助到大家。

1 、see,hear,notice,find,feel,listen to,look at (感官動詞)+ do eg: I like watching monkeys jump.

2 (比較級 and 比較級) 表示越來越……

3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易) 補:a place of interest 名勝

4 agree with sb. 贊成某人

5 all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一種/樣

6 all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界

7 along with 同……一道,伴隨…… eg : I will go along with you 我將和你一起去The students planted trees along with their teachers. 學生同老師們一起種樹。

8 As soon as 一……就……

9 as you can see 你是知道的

10 ask for ……求助 向……要……(直接接想要的東西) eg: ask you for my book

11 ask sb. for sth. 向某人什么

12 ask sb. to do sth. 詢問某人某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不要做某事

13 at the age of 在……歲時eg:I am sixteen. I am at the age of sixteen.

14 at the beginning of … ……的起初;……的開始

15 at the end of +地點/+時間 最后;盡頭;末尾 eg : At the end of the day

16 at this time of year 在每年的這個時候 補:at least 至少

17 be /feel confident of sth. /that clause + 從句 感覺/對什么有信心,自信 eg: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test

18 be + doing 表:1 現(xiàn)在進行時 2 將來時

19 be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原) 能夠……eg: She is able to sing. She can sing. 補:base on 以……(為)根據(jù)

20 be able to do sth. 能夠干什么 eg: She is able to sing.

21 be afraid to do (of sth. 恐懼,害怕……eg: I'm afraed to go out at night. I'm afraid of dog.

22 be allowed to do 被允許做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允許看電視。I should be allowed to watch TV. 我應(yīng)該被允許看電視。

23 be angry with sb. 生某人的氣 eg: Don't be angry with me.

24 be angry with (at) sb. for doing sth. 為什么而生某人的氣

25 be as … 原級 … as 和什么一樣 eg: She is as tall as me. 她和我一樣高。

26 be ashamed to

27 be away from 遠離

28 be away from 從……離開

29 be bad for 對什么有害eg: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好。

30 be born 出生于

31 be busy doing sth. 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth. 忙于……

32 be careful 當心;小心 be close to … 離……很近

33 be different from … 和……不一樣

34 be famous for 以……著名

35 be friendly to sb 對某人友好

36 be from = come from 來自eg:He is from Bejing. He comes from Bejing.Is he from Bejing? Does he come from Bejing?

37 be full of 裝滿……的 be filled with 充滿eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water

38 be glad + to do/從句 做某事很高興

39 be going to + v.(原) 打算,計劃,準備……

40 be good at(+ doing) = do well in 在某方面善長, 善于……

41 be good for 對什么有好處eg: Reading aloud is good for your English.

42 be happy to do 很高興做某事

43 be helpful to sb. 對某人有好處eg: Reading aloud is helpful to you. 大聲朗讀對你有好處。Exercising is helpful to your bady. 鍛煉對你的身體有好處。

44 be in good health 身體健康

45 be in trouble 處于困難中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble

46 be interested in 對某方面感興趣

47 be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到

48 be like 像…… eg: I'm like my mother.

49 be mad at 生某人的氣

50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料) 補:be made in 在……生產(chǎn)或制造

51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)

52 be not sure 表不確定

53 be on a visit to 參觀

54 be popular with sb. 受某人歡迎 補:be please with 對…感到滿意

55 be quiet 安靜

6 be short for 表……的縮寫 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰

57 be sick in bed 生病在床

58 be sorry to do sth. be sorry for sb. eg: I am sorry for you.

59 be sorry to hear that

60 be sorry to trouble sb.eg: I am sorry to trouble you.

61 be strict in doing sth. 嚴于做某事 eg: He's strict in obeying noles

62 be strict with sb. 對某人要求嚴格eg: Some students are not strict with them selves. 這些學生對自己不嚴格。

63 be strict with sb in sth. 某方面對某人嚴格

64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么

65 be sure 表確定

66 be sure of doing sth. 對做某事有信心eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well

67 be sure of sth. 對做某事有信心eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher). 我相信我的大腦(老師)。

68 be sure that sth. 對做某事有信心eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test. 我相信他能通過考試。

69 be sure to do sth. 一定會做某事 eg: We are sure to pass the test. 我們一定會通過這次考試We are sure to learn English well. 我們一定能學好英語。

70 be terrified of + 名/動 doing 害怕……

71 be terrified to do sth. 害怕做某事

72 be the same as … 和什么一樣

73 be used to doing sth. 習慣做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early. 我爸爸習慣早起。He is used to sleeping in class. 他習慣上課睡覺.He is used to working hard.He is used to hard work. 他習慣努力工作

74 be worth doing 值得做什么

75 be (feel) afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事

be afraid of sth. 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句

76 because + 句子 because of + 短語

eg: He was late because he had a headache.

He was late because of his headache.

77 begin to do = start to do 開始做某事

start … with … = begin … with … 以……開始……

eg: Let's begin the game with the song. I begin to go home.

78 between … and … 兩者之間

79 borrow sth. from sb. 向……借……

lend sth. to sb. lend sb. sth. 借給……什么東西

eg: I borrowed a pen from him. He lent a pen to me (he lent me a pen).

80 both = the same (as) = not different (from) 表相同

81 bother 打擾 bother sb. to do sth. 補:both … and … ……和……都

eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station

我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎么去車站

The problem has been bothering me for weeks. 這個問題困擾了我?guī)讉€周了。

He's bothering me to lend him money.

82 by the end of 到……為止

83 call sb. sth. eg: We call him old wang.

84 care 關(guān)心

eg: Don't you care about this country's future? 你為什么不關(guān)心國家的未來。

85 catch up with sb. 趕上某人

86 chat with sb. 和某人閑談 take sb. to + 地點 帶某人去某地

87 come in 進來

88 come over to 過來

89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea? 你能想出一個好辦法嗎?

90 communicate with sb. 和某人交流

91 consider + doing 考慮做……

eg: Why not consider going to lu zhou? 為什么不考慮去瀘州?

92 dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg: She likes dancing to the music. 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞。

93 decide to do sth. 決定做某事

94 do a survey of 做某方面的調(diào)查

95 do better in 在……方面做得更好 補:do well in 在……方面干的好

96 do wrong 做錯 補:droup off 放下(某物)

97 Don't forget to do sth. 不要忘了做某事。

98 Don't mind +doing /從句 /名詞. 不要介意……。

99 each + 名(單)每一個……

eg: Each student has many books. 每一個學生都有一些書。

100 end up + doing

返回目錄>>>

初中英語中考必備知識點總結(jié)

【重點短語】

1. have conversation with sb. 同某人談話

2. too…to… 太……而不能

3. the secret to… ……的秘訣

4. be afraid of doing sth./ be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事

5. look up 查閱

6. repeat out loud 大聲跟讀

7. make mistakes in 在……方面犯錯誤

8. connect ……with… 把……和……連接/聯(lián)系起來

9. get bored 感到厭煩

10. be stressed out 焦慮不安的

11. pay attention to 注意;關(guān)注

12. depend on 取決于;依靠

13. the ability to do sth.. 做某事的能力

【短語歸納】

1. the Lantern Festival 元宵節(jié)

2. the Dragon Boat Festival 端午節(jié)

3. the Water Festival 潑水節(jié)

4. be fun to watch 看著很有意思

5. eat five meals a day 一天吃五餐

6. put on five pounds 體重增加了五磅

7. in two weeks 兩星期之后

8. be similar to... 與.......相似

9. end up最終成為;最后處于

10. share sth. with sb. 與……分享……

11. as a result 結(jié)果

12. dress up 喬裝打扮

13. haunted house 鬼屋

14. call out 大聲呼喊

15. remind sb. of 使某人想起

16. sound like 聽起來像

17. treat sb. with. 用/以……對待某人

18. the beginning of new life 新生命的開始

【重要短語】

1. used to do sth. 過去常常做某事

2. be afraid of 害怕

3. from time to time 時常;有時

4. turn red 變紅

5. take up 開始做,從事,占據(jù)(時間、空間)

6. deal with 對付;應(yīng)付

7. not…any more 不再

8. tons of attention 很多關(guān)注

9. worry about 擔心

10. be careful 當心

11. hang out 閑逛

12. give up 放棄

13. thank about 考慮

14. a very small number of… 極少數(shù)的……

15. be alone 獨處

16. give a speech 做演講

【重點短語】

1. be more interested in 對…更感興趣

2. on the swim team 游泳隊的隊員

3. be terrified of 害怕

4. gym class 體操課

5. worry about 擔心

6. all the time 一直,總是

7. chat with 與…閑聊

8. hardly ever 幾乎從不

9. walk to school = go to school on foot 步行去上學

take the bus to school = go to school by bus 乘車去上學

10. as well as 不僅…而且...

【重點短語】

1. be made of 由……制造

2. be made in 在……制造

3. environmental protection 環(huán)境保護

4. be famous for 以……而著名

5. be produced in 在……生產(chǎn)

6. be known for 以……聞名

7. as far as I know 據(jù)我所知

8. pick by hand 手工采摘

9. send for 發(fā)送

10. avoid doing sth 避免做某事

11. everyday things 日用品

【重點短語】

1. by accident 偶然地;意外地

2. without doubt 毫無疑問的;的確

3. by mistake 錯誤地

4. look up to 欽佩;仰慕

5. take place 發(fā)生;出現(xiàn)

6. all of a sudden 突然;猛地

7. divide…into… 把……分成......

8. the Olympics 奧林匹克運動會

9. the style of ……的樣式

10. be used for 被用于……

返回目錄>>>

拓展閱讀:初中提升英語成績方法

反復(fù)記憶,避免遺忘

就是把一天的單詞量分到不同的時間段。每天早上起來背10個單詞,中午背10個,晚飯時間再背10個,然后到了晚上睡覺前統(tǒng)一復(fù)習一遍,第二天的時候再進行復(fù)習一遍。記單詞本來就是需要不斷重復(fù)記憶,要不然很容易忘記,一點要長期堅持背誦。

自然拼讀,會拼也會讀

有些比較長的單詞,可以把它們拆成幾個音節(jié)進行拼讀記憶,不需要完全死記硬背,背誦的時候注意思考,也可以加強記憶。

注重語法學習

初一要學習重要語法知識點,

第一:上課要認真聽講,特別是語法知識點的講解;

第二:加強語法知識點的相應(yīng)練習;

第三:積極查閱語法書,自主學習和理解。

另外,還要多做題,可以多做一些填空題目,這類題型考查名詞、動詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞、介詞和數(shù)詞等等,覆蓋面較廣。多做一些針對性地練習,一些錯誤的題目進行分析總結(jié),然后背誦下來,積累的多了,語法也會掌握得越多。

重視閱讀理解

閱讀理解也是很重要的一項題目,主要是詞匯量和語法的知識運用,考察的基本就是綜合能力。想要取得高的分數(shù),還是要把基礎(chǔ)打好,然后進行大量的練習。平時要養(yǎng)成閱讀英文短文的習慣,遇到不懂的單詞,要及時去查其意思;遇到比較好的句子可以及時背誦下來。如果閱讀能力有些提高可以慢慢提高閱讀速度,并且注意總結(jié)文章的重點內(nèi)容。堅持閱讀一段時間后,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的英文能力整體都有提高的。

加強寫作能力

關(guān)于寫作,也是考察學生的單詞量和語法的積累,平常多去背誦一些固定句型,在背誦一些作文模板,寫作的時候注意多運用。剛開始時就算出現(xiàn)錯誤也沒事,只要及時更改,然后再進行記憶,總結(jié)詞匯其中的用法,下次在進行練習,時間久了,自己的寫作能力也是可以提高不少。

總而言之,初中英語成績的提高,需要的是日常的積累與堅持,不是一兩天就可以迅速提升的,。但是也是很容易就可以把成績提高上去的,只要孩子愿意學,養(yǎng)成日常背誦和閱讀的好習慣,就可以取得不錯的成績。

返回目錄>>>

42788 主站蜘蛛池模板: 比基尼裸体| 内裤之穴| 捷克女人性ⅹxxxx视频| 潜行吧!奈亚子| 名剑风流 电视剧| 二年级上册道法教学计划| 色在线视频观看| 一天2次大便说明排毒好| 唐安| 丁莹| 夫妻最现实的约法三章| 欧美吻戏视频| 伊人1314| x档案第二季| 3d成人国产同人动漫焰灵姬| 明宰铉身高| 蒋昌义| 真田太平记| 潘馨| 心跳影视| 微信图像男| 好戏一出| 还未入团思想汇报800字| 林忆莲唱哭李宗盛现场| 开创盛世| 勇敢的心演员表| 山上的小屋 残雪原文| 纵横欲海| 名星| 礼佛大忏悔文注音版全文| 陆海涛| 柯佳青| 唐砖演员表| 日本女人性生活视频| 龙八夷| 神笔马良动画片| 自拍性视频| 俺去也电影网| 哈利学前班| silk电影| 美丽的错误|