tpo29閱讀及答案解析(2)
10.The word "unaltered" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.unimproved.
B.unequaled.
C.unchanged.
D.unsatisfactory.
11.The discussion of the history of electric power production in paragraph 6 supports which of the following?
A.1832 marked the beginning of the industrial production of electric power.
B.Turbines using Benoit Fourneyron's design were eventually used to generate electric power.
C.Benoit Fourneyron quickly applied Michael Faraday's discovery about electric fields to acquire a pattern for a new and more efficient waterwheel.
D.Practical advances in hydro technology were more important to the development of electric power than were advances in the theoretical understanding of electricity.
12.According to paragraph 7, what problem did the early power station in the town of Godalming in Surrey, United Kingdom, face in providing electricity?
A.The traditional waterwheel is used was not large enough to meet the demand for energy.
B.The flow of the River Wey, on which the power station depended, was unreliable.
C.The operators of the Godalming power station had little experience with hydro technology.
D.The steam engine that turned the waterwheel was faulty and needed to be replaced.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit? The steam engine that turned the waterwheel was faulty and needed to be replaced.
Raising water and grinding corn were by no means the only uses of the waterpower mill, and during the following centuries, the applications of waterpower kept pace with the developing technologies of mining,iron working,paper making,and the wool and cotton industries. Water was the main source of mechanical power, and by the end of the seventeenth century, England alone is thought to have had some 20,000 working mill. There was much debate on the relative efficiencies of different types of waterwheels. ■【A】The period from about 1650 until 1800 saw some excellent scientific and technical investigations of different designs. ■【B】They revealed output powers ranging from about 1 horsepower to perhaps 60 for the largest wheels and confirmed that for maximum efficiency,the water should pass across the blades as smoothly as possible and fall away with minimum speed, having given up almost all of its kinetic energy. ■【C】(They also proved that, in principle, the overshot wheel, a type of wheel in which anoverhead stream of water powers the wheel, should win the efficiency competition.) ■【D】
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Ever since the development of waterwheel, which occurred no later than 500 B.C., people have used moving water as a source of power.
A.The first water-powered machines were probably used to grind corn, and as technology advanced, waterwheels were used as the main source of power in many industries.
B.In the late nineteenth century an electric power station in England began using water power from a nearby river, creating a dependable source of power that quickly replaced the steam engine.
C.In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, design improvements I waterwheels led to discoveries of how to increase their efficiency and power output.
D.Almost every large town in England had a waterpower mill, allowing England to become the world's leader in industries that depended on water for their power.
E.Waterpower mills were probably invented about the same time in the Middle East and Scandinavia and then spread to England by about the second century B.C..
F.After declining in importance in the early 1800's, waterpower came back into demand by the end of the century as a means to power electric plants and water turbines.
tpo29閱讀答案
托福閱讀答案1.這個(gè)單詞后面出現(xiàn)了to，表目的或作用，整句話的意思就是水資源被用于減輕人和動(dòng)物的勞動(dòng)。所以很容易推出文中單詞harnessed是使用的意思，因此選擇D。
2.這個(gè)題可以看著選項(xiàng)到原文照對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)，A對(duì)應(yīng)原文第二句，正確，不選。B對(duì)應(yīng)雖然沒(méi)有直接在原文中提到，但是也可以有這層意思，可以作為待定選項(xiàng)。但看到C之后就可以排除B了，因?yàn)镃和原文第一句有了直接沖突，因此選擇C。D對(duì)應(yīng)這段的最后一句(出現(xiàn)了perhaps)。
3.根據(jù)Throughout the roman empire定位到原文紅色標(biāo)注位置，對(duì)于waterpower mill的修飾是increasingly sophisticated也就是更復(fù)雜，更先進(jìn)。因此選擇D。
4.這里的application指的是水力資源的應(yīng)用，也就是作用。因此選擇A水利的用處。
5.通過(guò)scientific and technical investigation定位到紅色標(biāo)注部分，后面幾句就是調(diào)查的結(jié)果了，原文說(shuō)輸出的功率從1-60馬力不等，水流越smooth，下落越慢，效率就越高。英雌，A選項(xiàng)，原文沒(méi)提到。B選項(xiàng)正確。C. water contain的動(dòng)能并不能改變，而是要盡可能的使其含有的動(dòng)能釋放出來(lái)。D提到了overshot wheel，對(duì)應(yīng)本段最后一句。但是原文并沒(méi)說(shuō)這種輪就能輸出高于60馬單位的能量。
6.根據(jù)前面一句，有了蒸汽動(dòng)力以后，水力資源就被put in doubt了。因此后面修飾水力資源利用前景的一定是一個(gè)負(fù)面的詞。因此選擇A，負(fù)面的。B是不相似的，C是令人吃驚的，D是不完整的。
7.因?yàn)榍拔奶岬皆?800年，水力資源利用衰敗，by then的前半句說(shuō)a century later，因此應(yīng)該是一百年以后，也就是1900年。
8.這段第一句就指出了電力發(fā)展，然后又說(shuō)水利能源的重大改變促進(jìn)了電力發(fā)展。因此符合C選項(xiàng)。
9.原文句子的邏輯關(guān)系是，electrotechnology和 changes in water growth 共同促進(jìn)了electric power 工業(yè)。A邏輯關(guān)系完全反了。B混亂的。D與A邏輯相似。因此選擇C。
10.Unaltered是一成不變的，這道題A是一個(gè)迷惑選項(xiàng)。但是unaltered并沒(méi)有進(jìn)步，改良的那層意思。因此C更合適。
11.上一段說(shuō)Benoit Fourneyron的發(fā)現(xiàn)通過(guò)發(fā)明turbine得以應(yīng)用。通過(guò)turbine就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)電了。
12.通過(guò)Godalming定位。往后閱讀之后出現(xiàn)了unfortunately的轉(zhuǎn)折，也就是要說(shuō)遇到的問(wèn)題了。"："后面就是答案了。所以選B。
13.要插入的句子說(shuō)要resolve disagreement。而這段的第一句就說(shuō)很多debate。那么插到第一個(gè)空里正合適。
14.A正確，對(duì)應(yīng)原文第二段第一句。B錯(cuò)誤。原文說(shuō)英國(guó)的居住點(diǎn)不管大小，都有自己的mill。對(duì)應(yīng)原文第二段最后一句。C錯(cuò)誤。原文說(shuō)的是river的水流不穩(wěn)定，結(jié)果很快被steam engine取代了。對(duì)應(yīng)原文倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句。D錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)應(yīng)原文第一段，原文說(shuō)沒(méi)人知道water mill是什么時(shí)候發(fā)明的。而且后半句時(shí)間也不對(duì)。E正確，對(duì)應(yīng)原文第四段。F對(duì)應(yīng)原文第五段最后一句，和第六段。