英文中，有些動(dòng)詞因主詞不同而改變，verb to be是其中之一，因此，我們必須記得以下的規(guī)則：

　　現(xiàn)在時(shí)

　　單數(shù)

　　第一人稱 I am

　　第二人稱You are

　　第三人稱(He，She，It)is

　　過去式

　　單數(shù)

　　I was

　　You were

　　(He，She，It)was

　　復(fù)數(shù)

　　We were

　　You were

　　They were

　　Verb to have也有類似的變化

　　第一人稱

　　第二人稱

　　第三人稱

　　現(xiàn)在式

　　單數(shù)

　　I have

　　You have

　　(He，She，It)has

　　復(fù)數(shù)

　　We have

　　You have

　　They have

　　過去式

　　單數(shù)

　　I had

　　You had

　　(He，She，It)had

　　復(fù)數(shù)

　　We had

　　You had

　　They had

　　【練習(xí)一】

　　以下的句子都有錯(cuò)，請(qǐng)將正確的句子寫出來：

　　1.* I am like my parent.

　　2.* He is loves his teacher.

　　3.* He keeps swim every day.

　　4.* He wants drink a glass of water.

　　5.* He likes play violin.

　　6.* Jack do not love mathematics.

　　7.* Mary hate singing.

　　8.* My mother cook very good food.

　　9.* He want me to see him tomorrow.

　　10.* He not knows my name.

　　11.* I not like you.

　　12.* He not like swimming.

　　13.* You not went home.

　　14.* I not like swimming.

　　15.* I wanted to went to my mother's home.

　　16.* I do not like to swimming.

　　17.* I did not ate dinner.

　　18.* I will not went home.

　　19.* H did not went home.

　　20.* You may leaving now.

　　21.* He can swimming.

　　22.* He does not goes to work.

　　第二章　現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在時(shí)

　　英文中，現(xiàn)在式(present tense)好像是最容易的，其實(shí)現(xiàn)在式都是我們常常用錯(cuò)的時(shí)式。

　　首先，我們不妨舉一個(gè)例子來說明我們對(duì)現(xiàn)在式慣有的誤解，假設(shè)我們要說〝我在吃午飯〞，這總該用現(xiàn)在式了吧。很多人將這句話翻成

　　I eat lunch.

　　這就錯(cuò)了，因?yàn)楱擨 eat lunch.〞的意思并不是〝我在吃午飯〞，而是〝我有吃午飯的習(xí)慣〞，意思是說，有人中午不吃午飯(可能是在減肥)，我可是每天中午都會(huì)吃午飯的。

　　我在吃午飯〞，應(yīng)該要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式，這是我們以后會(huì)談的。

　　現(xiàn)在式不是指任何一個(gè)行為，而是一種狀況。舉例來說，以下幾句話都應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在式：

　　我是一個(gè)學(xué)生

　　I am a student.

　　他是一個(gè)老師

　　He is a teacher.

　　他每天游泳

　　He swims every day.

　　湯姆勤奮工作

　　Tom works hard

　　他早起

　　He gets up early.

　　瑪莉喜歡看電影

　　Mary loves watching movies.

　　這里常常下雨

　　It rains often here.

　　我每天喝一杯牛奶

　　I drink a glass of milk every day.

　　我是中國(guó)人

　　I am a Chinese.

　　他會(huì)講英文

　　He speaks English.

　　他有喝茶的習(xí)慣

　　He drinks tea.

　　我騎腳踏車上學(xué)

　　I ride a bicycle to school.

　　他搭乘公交車上班

　　He rides a bus to go to work.

　　我不喜歡你

　　I do not like you.

　　他愛他的太太

　　He loves his wife.

　　他守法

　　He obeys the law.

　　我不喜歡莎士比亞

　　I do not like Shakespeare.

　　他不抽煙

　　He does not smoke.

　　他喝酒

　　He drinks.

　　他唱歌唱得很好

　　He sings well.

　　他跳舞跳得很好

　　He dances well.

　　他不會(huì)游泳

　　He can not swim.

　　他不是一個(gè)好學(xué)生

　　He is not a good student.

　　他們都很懶

　　They are all very lazy.

　　凡是真理，自然界的現(xiàn)象，數(shù)學(xué)里的定理，都要用現(xiàn)在式：

　　太陽(yáng)從東方升起

　　The sun rises in the east.

　　地球是圓的

　　The earth is round.

　　月亮是地球的一個(gè)衛(wèi)星

　　The moon is a satellite of the earth.

　　美國(guó)是一個(gè)大的國(guó)家

　　America is a large country.

　　在北極的夏天，太陽(yáng)永不落下

　　The sun never sets at the North Pole in summer.

　　樹葉吸收二氧化碳

　　Tree leaves absorb CO2 .

　　計(jì)算機(jī)的基本原理是布爾代數(shù)

　　The basic principle of computers is Boolean algebra

　　二點(diǎn)決定一線

　　Two points define a line.

　　三點(diǎn)決定一平面

　　Three points define a plane.

　　三基本顏色是紅、黃、藍(lán)

　　Three of the basic colors are red, yellow and blue.

　　被動(dòng)語態(tài)

　　8§1 及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞

　　任何一個(gè)英文句子必定有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，請(qǐng)先注意以下例句的動(dòng)詞

　　He was a teacher before.

　　He went to school yesterday.

　　He hit a dog.

　　I saw you yesterday.

　　He walks to school every day.

　　He sent this book to me.

　　They are good students.

　　He wrote two novels.

　　They ate all of the apples.

　　10. He swims every morning.

　　在以上的例子中，第3、4、6、8及9句子中的動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞(transitive verbs)。這些動(dòng)詞后面都跟著一個(gè)名詞，而這個(gè)名詞是動(dòng)詞的受詞(object)，其它句子的動(dòng)詞，都是不及物動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗麄兌紱]有任何受詞。

　　我們將以上句子中，主詞、及物動(dòng)詞和受詞的關(guān)系分析如下：

　　句子

　　主詞

　　及物動(dòng)詞

　　受詞

　　He hit a dog.

　　He

　　hit

　　dog

　　I saw you yesterday.

　　I

　　saw

　　you

　　He sent his book to me.

　　He

　　sent

　　his book

　　He wrote two novels.

　　He

　　wrote

　　two novels

　　They ate all of the apples.

　　They

　　ate

　　all of the apples

　　一旦動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，我們就可以將這個(gè)句子由原來的主動(dòng)語氣(active voice)改成被動(dòng)語氣(passive voice)。但我們也要警告讀者，不要輕易用被動(dòng)語氣，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)被動(dòng)語氣的句子是不自然的。

　　8§2 沒有助動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語氣

　　在這以前，我們的句子都是主動(dòng)語氣，這種句子的基本形式如下：

　　主詞+動(dòng)詞+受詞

　　所謂的被動(dòng)語氣，乃是將原來的受詞變成主詞。舉例來說，主動(dòng)語氣中，我們說〝我看到一些狗〞，在被動(dòng)語氣中，我們說〝一些狗被我看到〞。在英文中，將主動(dòng)語氣改成被動(dòng)語氣，必須做以下的動(dòng)作：

　　原有受詞變成名詞

　　動(dòng)詞變成verb to be+過去分詞(past participle)

　　原有主詞變成在動(dòng)詞后面，但前面加by。

　　舉例來說，主動(dòng)語氣的句子可以是

　　I saw a cat.

　　被動(dòng)語氣就成了

　　A cat was seen by me.

　　最重要的是，verb to be的時(shí)式必須和原句子的相同，以上的例子中，動(dòng)詞是過去式，所以verb to be也是過去式。除此以外，verb to be也要配合新的主詞。請(qǐng)看以下的例子：

　　I saw two cats.

　　改成被動(dòng)語氣以后，句子是：

　　Two cats were seen by me.

　　以下是主動(dòng)改被動(dòng)的例子，最重要的是注意verb to be的形式：

　　主動(dòng)語氣(active voice)

　　被動(dòng)語氣(passive voice)

　　Mr. Jones hit the dog.

　　The dog was hit by Mr. Jones.

　　My brother saw you yesterday.

　　You were seen by my brother yesterday.

　　He sent the book to me.

　　The book was sent to me by him.

　　Dickens wrote those two novels.

　　Those two novels were written by Dickens.

　　They ate all of the apples.

　　All of he apples were eaten by them.

　　Jane wrote that song.

　　That song was written by Jane.

　　My mother loves me.

　　I am loved by my mother.

　　以上是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編分享了英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，你喜歡嗎?