初中英語語法知識點總結：連詞

　　(1) 并列連詞用來連接并列關系的詞、短語或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。

　　(2) 從屬連詞用來引導從句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。

　　除了從屬連詞(引導狀語從句)外，還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導名詞性從句)，關系代詞和關系副詞(引導定語從句)。

　　2、 常用連詞舉例

　　(1) and 和，并且

　　They drank and sang all night.

　　(2) both…and 和， 既…也…

　　Both my parents and I went there.

　　(3) but 但是，而

　　I'm sad, but he is happy.

　　(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…

　　Either you're wrong, or I am.

　　(5) for因為

　　I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.

　　(6) however 然而，可是

　　At first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.

　　(7) neither…nor 既不…也不

　　Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.

　　(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…

　　He not only sings well, but also dances well.

　　(9) or 或者，否則

　　Hurry up, or you'll be late.

　　Are you a worker or a doctor?

　　(10) so 因此，所以

　　It's getting late, so I must go.

　　(11) although 雖然

　　Although it was late, they went on working.

　　(12) as soon as 一 …就

　　I'll tell him as soon as I see him.

　　(13) because 因為

　　He didn't go to school, because he was ill.

　　(14) unless 除非，如果不

　　I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.

　　(15) until 直到…

　　He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動詞用于not… until 結構)

　　He stayed there until eleven.

　　(16) while 當…時候，而 (表示對比)

　　While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬間動詞)

　　My pen is red while his is blue.

　　(17) for 因為

　　He was ill, for he didn't come. (結論是推斷出來的)

　　(18) since自從…

　　I have lived here since my uncle left.

　　(19) hardly… when 一…就

　　I had hardly got to the station when the train left.

　　(20) as far as 就… 來說

　　As far as I know, that country is very small.

　　You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)

　　初中英語語法知識點總結：動詞時態、語態

　　1、 一般現在時

　　(1) 表示經常發生的動作或現在存在的狀態，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。如：

　　Sometimes, we go swimming after school.

　　(2) 表示客觀真理、科學事實等。如：

　　The earth goes round the sun.

　　2、 現在進行時

　　(1) 表示說話時或現階段正在進行的動作，常與now, at present等時間狀語連用。如：

　　What are you doing now?

　　(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經常反復的動作，常含有某種情感。如：

　　He is always doing good deeds.

　　3、 現在完成時

　　主要表示動作發生在過去，對現在仍有影響，或動作一直延續到現在，或可能還要繼續下去，常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:

　　Have you ever been to Beijing?

　　4、 一般將來時

　　表示將來某一時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：

　　I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

　　We're going to see a film next Monday.

　　5、 一般過去時

　　表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內發生的動作或存在的狀態，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：

　　It happened many years ago.

　　6、 過去進行時

　　表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發生的動作。如：

　　What were you doing this time yesterday?

　　7、 過去完成時

　　表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作。如：

　　The train had already left before we arrived.

　　8、一般過去將來時

　　表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發生的動作。如：

　　He said he would come, but he didn't.

　　9、被動語態

　　被動語態的時態，以give為例。

　　初中英語語法知識點總結：動詞虛擬語氣

　　表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實相反的假設等。一般常用于正式的書面語中。

　　1、 虛擬語氣的構成

　　如：與現在事實相反

　　If I had more time, I should study German.(fact:I have no more time, so I shall not study German. )

　　If she were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.(fact:she is very busy, so she will not attend the meeting this afternoon.)

　　If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.(fact: they take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)

　　與過去事實相反：

　　I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination.(fact:I had no more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again)

　　You would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in good time.(fact: He didn’t see the doctor in good time ,so he hasn’t recovered from his illness )

　　與將來事實相反：

　　If it rains tomorrow, our picnic will be put off.(The weather has been changeable these days.)

　　If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.( The weather has beenvery good these days.)

　　If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.(That would be out of our expectation.)

　　If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off. (條件從句謂語動詞用were to +動詞原形，表示 下雨的可能性極小。Were to rain和should rain 都表示“出乎意料之外”，但were to加強表示“當初沒想到以后的事”)

　　注：

　　(1) 如果條件從句謂語動詞包含有were或had, should, could有時可將if省去, 但要倒裝。如：

　　Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

　　(2) 混合時間條件句的用法：

　　有時條件從句的動作和主句動作發生的 時間不一致。這時動詞的形式，應根據它所要表達的具體時間來決定用什么形式。

　　1) If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be run so fast.(從句敘述過去，主句敘述現在。)

　　(fact: she has trained very hard, so she would able to run fast.)

　　2)You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it every day.(主句敘述現在，從句敘述過去)

　　(fact: You didn’t practice (hasn’t practiced ) reading and speaking it every day, so you can’t speak English well enough.)

　　(3) 在其他狀語從句中的用法

　　主要用于由as if (as though) 引導的比較狀語從句，從句中謂語動詞一般用“動詞的過去式(be 變were )或had +過去分詞。”如：

　　She looked as if she were ill.(實際上她沒有病，在這里用虛擬語氣補語比喻她精神不佳)

　　Xiao Liu speaks English so well as if he had studied in England.(這里用虛擬語氣表現他的 英語說得好)

　　2、 虛擬語氣在各種從句的應用

　　(1) 在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應如此等，其謂語形式是"should(可省) +動詞原形"，常用于以下三種句型中。

　　句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…

　　句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…

　　句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

　　如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.

　　It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.

　　It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

　　(2) 在賓語從句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等動詞后的賓語從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如：

　　I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

　　(3) 在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如：

　　His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

　　(4) 在同位語從句中，謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如：

　　We received order that the work be done at once.

　　(5) 在It is time that…句型中，其謂語動詞形式是"動詞的過去式"或"should +動詞原形",should不可省。如：

　　It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.

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