初中英語所有知識點總結
初中英語所有知識點總結:主謂一致
例如:
There are two trees and a well behind the house.
Here is an apple,two oranges and some peaches for you.
2、由neither…nor/either…or/not only…but also/not…but等連接的名詞或代詞作主語時,謂語動詞應與最靠近他的一個名詞或代詞保持人稱和數上的一致。
例如:
Neither jack nor I have seen the film.
Either you or I am worry.
Not only you but also he comes here every day.
3、each和由some/any/one/every/構成的復合代詞,都作單數看待,謂語動詞應用單數形式。
例如:
Each of us has something to say .
Is everyboday ready?
Someboday is using the phone.
4、主語后接with/together with/as well as/but等短語作定語時,謂語形式不受定語的影響。
例如:
The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.
5、many a(許多)和more than one(不止一個)等作定語去修飾作主語的單數可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數。
例如:
Many a way has been tried.
6、pair of等表示數量的名詞短語修飾主語時,謂語的形式要與pair等名詞形式一致。常見的有:pair of/kind of/type of/box of等。(但a lot of/lots of和a number of不屬于這一類)。
例如:
There is a pair of shoes left.
7、從句或短語(包括不定式和動名詞)作主語時,往往表達一種抽象概念,謂語動詞用單數。
例如:
Waving hand is to say“goodbye”.
What he said is wrong.
8、maths/news/physics/the united states等單數概念,復數形式的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數。
例如:
The united states was founded in 1776.
9、時間、距離、金錢、重量、容量等名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。
例如:
Twenty years is a long time.
Two hundreds dollars is a lot of money.
10、the number of+名詞,謂語動詞用單數:a number of+名詞,謂語動詞用復數。
初中英語所有知識點總結:賓語從句
1、連詞:連詞由充當賓語從句的句子語氣來確定。如果為陳述語氣,則用that(可省略);如果為特殊疑問語氣,則用適當的特殊疑問詞;如果為一般疑問語氣,則用if/whether(是否)。
例如:
He says(that)he lives in beijing.
I don′t know where he works.
Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in australia?
注意:在賓語從句中,if后面不能直接跟or not,而whether后面則可以。
例如:
Can you tell me whether or not the train has left.
2、時態
例如:
Do you know who give us a talk?
He asked if it was five o′clock.
注意:賓語從句如果表達客觀事實、真理,則不論主句為何種時態,從句一般用一般現在時。
例如:
The teacher told us(that)the earth moves around the sun.
3、語序:賓語從句一律要用陳述語序。
例如:
Li mei asked me where mary was.
4、連接代詞:what可以表示“…的話”,“…的事”的意思。
例如:
I can not understand what he said.
5、標點符號:帶有賓語從句的復合句用什么標點符號,要依據主句的句式來確定。
例如:
He asked me how many students there were in our class.
Do you know if he will go to the cinema tomorrow?
6、在think/suppose/expect等動詞之后的賓語從句中,如果從句謂語是否定含義,則不用否定形式,而將主句謂語動詞變為否定形式。
例如:
I don′t think you are right.我認為你不對。
7、賓語從句和連接代詞在句中作賓語時,從句中應用及物動詞;若從句中的動詞是不及物動詞,應在其后加介詞或副詞。
例如:
Please tell me what place he lives in.
8、如果賓語從句是用and連接的并列句,兩個賓語從句前都要使用連接詞;如果連接詞都是that,第一個可以省略,第二個則不能。
例如:
I heard(that)their team won and that the teacher was please.
初中英語所有知識點總結:狀語從句
1、時間狀語從句:引導時間狀語從句的連詞有when/while/as/as soon as/until/not…untill/before/after/since等。
例如:
When you leave,please take a raincoat with you.
As soon as she got home,she began to make dinner.
注意:
(1)while意為“當…期間”,從句中的謂語動詞一般用進行時態。
例如:
Take notes while you are listening to the teacher.
(2)while側重主句中謂語動詞表示的動作或存在的狀態與從句謂語動詞所表示的動作或存在的狀態的對比,常譯為“而”。
例如:
He is a worker while I am a student.
(3)not…until,直到……才,主句謂語動詞必須是非持續性動詞而且主句是否定式,從句為肯定式。
例如:
He did not go to bed until his mother came.
(4)在時間狀語從句中要用一般現在時表示將來時間。
例如:
Mr smith will telephone you when he returns.
2、原因狀語從句:引導原因狀語從句的連詞有:because/as/since等。
例如:
His sister is in bed because she is ill.
注意:含原因狀語從句的復合句,有時可以轉換為用so連接的并列句,故because和so不能同時出現在一個句子中。
例如:
He did not come here because he was busy.
He was busy,so he did not come here.
3、地點狀語從句:引導地點狀語從句的連詞有where或wherever.
例如:
Where there is no air or water,noboday can live.
4、條件狀語從句:引導條件狀語從句的連詞有if/unless等。
(1)在含有if引導的條件狀語從句的主從復合句中,主句謂語部分通常含有will/shall或情態動詞,從句用一般現在時表示將來時態。
例如:
We will go for a picnic if it dose not rain tomorrow.
(2)if……not常譯作“如果不…”,相當于unless,unless含有否定意義,譯作“假如不”,“除非”。
例如:
例如:
You will fail if you do not work hard.
You will fail unless you work hard.
(3)用if改寫“祈使句+and+簡單句”這一句子結構中的祈使句時,要在祈使句前加if you,并去掉并列連詞and.
例如:
Study hard,and you will catch up with us.
If you study hard,you will catch up with us.
(4)用if……not改寫“祈使句+or+簡單句”這一結構中的祈使句時,要變祈使句為否定的條件狀語從句,并去掉or.
例如:
Hurry,or you won′t catch the bus.
If you study hard ,you will catch up with us.
5、目的和結構狀語從句:引導目的狀語從句的連詞有so that;引導結果狀語從句的連詞有so …that…,such…that….
(1)so 是副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞。
So +adj/adv+that
例如:the shoes are so small that I can not wear them.
(2)such是形容詞,修飾名詞。
Such+a/an+adj+n(可數名詞單數)+that…
Such+adj+n(不可數名詞單數,可數名詞復數)+that…
例如:
She is such a lovely girl that we all like her.可改為:she is so lovely a girl that we all like her.
(3)如果名詞前是表示多少的many/much/few/little等詞時要用so.
例如:
I have so much money that we all like her.
(4)so …that的主從復合句在轉換為簡單句時,可選用下列四種結構。
Too…to do sth too…for sb to do
…enough to do sth enough for sb to do
例如:
Tom is so young that he can not join the army.
Tom is too young to join the army./tom is not old enough to jion the army.
The milk is so cool that we can drink it.
The milk is cool enough for us to drink.
6、比較狀語從句:引導比較狀語從句的連詞有as…as,than等。
(1)表示甲乙在某一個方面相同時,用as+形容詞/副詞原級+as結構,表示甲在某一個方面不如乙時,用“not as/so+形容詞/副詞原級+as”結構。
例如:
John is as clever as tom.
He dose not run as/so fast as you .
(2)表示甲程度高于乙時,用“形容詞、副詞的比較級+than引導的”從句結構。
He si taller than I .
(3)兩個比較對象要對等,即“應是句子中的同等成分進行比較”。
例如:
The weather in south is always hotter than that in north.
7、讓步狀語從句:引導讓步狀語從句的連詞有though,although等。
例如:
They kept working on the farm though it was raining hard.=it was raining hard,but they kept working on the farm.
注意:though/although不能與并列連詞but同時出現在一個句子中。
初中英語所有知識點總結:定語從句
在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句,它的作用相當于形容詞,被修飾的詞叫做先行詞。
1、定語從句的位置。
1)定語從句一般地說要放在先行詞之后,無論這個詞在句中充當何種成分。
The student who answered the question is bill.
2)有時先行詞后還有一個作定語的詞或詞組時,定語從句則應放在上述成分之后。
Do you know anyone in our class whose father is a business man?
2、定語從句的引導詞
1)定語從句的引導詞是由關系代詞或關系副詞充當的。
關系代詞有who/whom/whose/that,關系副詞有when/where/why,它們除了引導從句的作用外,還要在從句中充當一定的成分。關系代詞和關系副詞的選用要看其在從句中發揮的作用,與主語沒有任何關系。
在從句中充當主語的有who/which/that.
在從句中充當賓語的有whom/which/that.
在從句中充當定語的有whose.
在從句中充當狀語的有when/where/why.
當定語從句所修飾的先行詞是人時,關系代詞要用who(主格),whom(賓格),也可以用that,以及whose(所有格),先行詞是物時,關系代詞要用which,也可用that.whom/which/that在從句中作賓語時往往可以省略。
例如:
The students who do not study hard will not pass the examination.
Do you know the man(whom)mr green shook hand with?
The letter(which)I received yesterday is from my sister.
Who is the man(that)is reading a magazine over there?
The book(that) you lent me is very ingteresting .
I will never forget the day when I joined the party.
Last year I went to the village where I was born.
This is the reason why she will go to london.
2)在先行詞相同的情況下,根據它們在定語從句中所起的語法作用,可用不同的引導詞連接不同的定語從句。
例如:
This is the school where I students for six years.(school或student的狀語)。
This is the school which he mentioned just now.(school作menttioned的賓語).
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