初三英語詞匯辨析專題講解(2)
4. if/ whether
在下列情況下只能用whether而非if:
(1)與or not連用時,只能用whether.
We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我們想知道你是否生病了。
Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.
請告訴我們你是否完成了工作。
(2)后接動詞不定式時,只能用whether.
Adam didn’t know whether to go or stay.亞當不知道是走還是留。
He hasn’t decided whether to have dinner with me.他還沒決定是否和我共進晚餐。
(3)所引導的賓語從句放在主句之前時,只能用whether.
Whether it will rain or snow, we don’t mind. 我們不在乎將要刮風還是下雨。
Whether I won or lost, she didn’t want to know.我是贏是輸她不想知道。
(4)引導主語從句或表語從句時,一般用whether.
The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他們是不是已經走了。
Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否會和我一起去還是個秘密。
if能引導條件狀語從句,表示“如果,假如”,而whether沒有此用法。
We’ll have a football match if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我們要進行足球賽。
I’ll tell him if I sees him.我看見他就告訴他。
If you’re in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危險,請撥打110。
5. cost/ spend/ pay/ take
(1) cost一般用某物來做主語,表示“(某物)值…、花費…”,既能指花費時間也能指金錢。
The new bike costs me 300 yuan.這輛新自行車花了我三百元。
It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通讀這本書將會花費你整整一周時間。
cost 還可以用作名詞,表示“成本、費用、價格、代價”等。
What’s the cost of this TV set? 這臺電視機的成本是多少錢?
They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他們辛苦地工作換來的成功。
(2) spend一般用某人來作主語,表示“(某人)花費…,付出…”,也能指時間或金錢,指時間時常與in搭配,指金錢時常與on或for搭配。
We spent two days in repairing this machine.我們花了兩天時間修理這臺機器。
Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在書上。
(3) pay用作動詞時,一般也以某人作主語,但一般指花錢、付款等,很少用來指花費時間。常與for搭配使用。
They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他們花了七十元買票。
He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他窮得交不起學費。
pay還可以用作名詞,意思為“薪水、工資”等。
It’s hard for me to live with such low pay.我很難靠這么低的薪水生活下去。
(4)take也指“花費(時間、金錢)”,但通常用某事、某物做主語,或用形式主語it.
How long will the meeting take? 會議要開多久?
It took me several hours to get there. 我花了幾個小時才到那兒。
6. bad/ badly
這兩個詞的意思含有“壞、糟、嚴重”等意思,且它們有共同的比較級worse和最高級worst 。
(1) bad是一個形容詞,意思是“壞的,糟糕的,差的,嚴重的”。
I don’t think he is a bad person.我并不認為他是一個壞人。
I had a bad headache.我的頭疼得很厲害。
(2)badly是一個副詞,意思是“不好地,差”,也可以表示程度,意為“嚴重地,非常,極度”。
We need help badly.我們急需幫助。
His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊嚴重受傷了。
7. interested/ interesting
(1) interested是指“對…產生興趣的,對…感興趣的”,一般用人做主語,后常用介詞in.
He was interested in biology before.他以前對生物感興趣。
I’m not interested in art.我對藝術不感興趣。
(2)interesting的意思是“有趣的”,指能夠給人帶來興趣的某人或某事物。
He is an interesting old man.他是個有趣的老頭。
The interesting story attracted me. 這個有趣的故事吸引了我。
8. dead/ die/ death/ dying
(1) dead是形容詞,意思為“死了的、無生命的”,表示狀態,可以與一段時間連用。
The tree has been dead for ten years.這棵樹死了有十年了。
The rabbits are all dead. 這些兔子都是死的。
(2) die是動詞,意思為“死、死亡”,是一個瞬間動詞,不能與一段時間連用。
My grandpa died two years ago.我爺爺兩年前去世了。
The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌癥。
(3) death是名詞,意思為“死亡、去世”等。
The memorial hall was built one year after his death.
他死后一年,紀念館建成了。
His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我們的巨大損失。
(4) dying 是die的現在分詞,用作形容詞,意思是“垂死的、即將死去的”。
The doctors have saved the dying man.醫生們救活了那個垂死的人。
The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可憐的狗沒有食物,快要餓死了。
初三英語詞匯辨析專題講解 三
1. think/ think/about/ think of
(1) think 單獨使用時表示"思考", 接that 賓語從句時意為"認為","覺得"。
I am thinking how to work out the problem.
I think she is a good student.
當賓語從句含有否定概念時,通常形式上否定think ,但意義上卻是否定賓語從句。
I don't think he can come.
I don't think it will be windy.
(2)think about 可接一個名詞,動詞-ing 形式或由疑問詞引導的不定式或賓語從句,意思是"考慮……"。
I have thought about it for a long time.
Please think about how to tell her the bad news.
(3)think of 表示"認為", 一般用于疑問句中,與what 連用。
What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like the TV play?
2. big/ large/ great
上述形容詞都表示"大",但側重點及程度不同。
(1) big指具體事物的大小,強調比正常形體的標準大,既可用在普通場合,也可用在正式場合。它可用來指人的身材高大或"長大了",還可表示"偉大","重要"之意。如:
Can you lift up this big stone?
On the last day I made a big decision.
(2) large特別強調遠遠超過標準的大,指體積、面積、容積、數量之大。如:
A whale is a large animal.
A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.
(3) great除了表示數量體積之大外,又指抽象的程度,意味著偉大性,重要性,優越性;常用于抽象
或無形的東西;用于有形的東西時,常帶有"偉大","大得令人吃驚"等意思,含有一定的感情色彩。如:
China is a great country with a long history.
He was one of the greatest scientists.
3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay
(1) cost表示"花錢",花費,付出(只能用于錢、精力、生命等;主語必須是物。)
The book cost me five yuan.
(2) take的主語是動詞不定式, 通常用it做形式主語。
It took me five yuan to buy the book...
(3) spend,在主動語句中主語是人
I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.
(4) pay的主語是人。
I paid five yuan for the book.
4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low
這四個詞在談論到價格的高低時,要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價格"高",而cheap 與low涉及到價格"低"。
(1) expensive昂貴的,花錢多的。這個單詞若談到"價格高,貨貴"時,其主語不能是價格,必須是貨物、物品本身。如:
This watch is expensive. 這只表很貴。
These glass-products are not expensive. 這些玻璃制品不是很值錢。
注意:cheap表示"價廉","便宜的",其主語也不能是價格,必須是物品本身。如:
The cheap table was bought from him. 這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。
This cloth doll is very cheap. 這只布娃娃很便宜。
(2)high在表示價格時,含義是"高",low在表示價格時,含義是"低",這兩個詞不能用于物品本身,只能用在價格上。如:
The price of this watch is very high. 這只表的價格太高了。
The price of this book is not low for me. 這本書的價格對我來說是不低。
下面我們試看幾個句子的正誤對照:
The price of this computer is expensive.
(宜改為:This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )
The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.
(宜改為:This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )
5. alone/ lonely
lonely 與alone的意思比較接近,但在使用時有所區別:
(1)lonely用作形容詞,意思是"孤單的;寂寞的"。可指心靈上的寂寞,也可指偏僻的地點。在句中既可作表語,也可作定語。
(2)alone 可作形容詞和副詞,意思是"單獨;獨自",不指心理上寂寞的感覺。
She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
她被帶到一個荒島上,自己居住,但她從不感到寂寞。
6. before long/ long before
(1)before long 作“不久以后”講,切不要按字面譯為“長時間以前”或“好久以前”。如:
We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久(以后)就把實驗做完。
(2)long before 作"很久以前"講。原意為"……以前很久",故也可譯為"老早"。long before 跟before long
不同,前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個從句;當上下文明確時,名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒有上述搭配用法。
They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.
我們昨天開始做實驗,但我們在那以前很久就已經做準備了。
7. as/ when/ while
(1)as 是連詞,意思是"當……的時候,一面……一面",(強調同時,一般連續時間不長),如:
As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.
正當我們談論"泰坦尼克號"這部電影時,教師進來了。
The students sing as they go along. 學生們邊走邊唱。
(2)When和as一樣都是連詞,注意它們的不同。如when"當……的時候"(一般表示動作緊接著發生);"那時"(等立連詞,前有逗號分開)
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽下山,那時天開始下雨了。
(3)while是"當……時候;和……同時"(強調同時發生,一般連續時間較長)
While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當我在看電視的時候,他正在看書。
While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
8. beat/win/ hit
(1)beat 是動詞,意思是"連續地打; 打敗; 敲打"。beat后可接人或隊名。意思是"擊敗對手。"如:
I can beat you at swimming.
(2)win意思是"贏得某個項目",后面常接"match, game"。如:
He won a game. 他勝一局。
We won a match. 我們比賽得勝。
(3)hit意思是"擊中"(有時可表示"打一下")。如:
The mother hit her child out of anger. 媽媽生氣,打了她孩子一下。
9. keep doing/keep on doing
(1)keep doing側重表示"持續不停地做某事"或"持續某種狀態"。如:
The girl kept crying all the time. 那個女孩一直在哭。
The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 這個嬰兒連續睡了大約四個小時。
(2)keep on doing 表示"總不斷做某事",不表示靜止狀態。不能與sitting, sleeping, lying, standing這類詞連用。如:
It kept on raining for seven days.
Don't keep on asking such silly questions.
10. get/ turn/ become
這三個詞都可作系動詞用,表示狀態的變化,后跟表語,但三個詞的用法稍有不同。get強調情感、氣候和環境的變化;turn強調色彩的變化;而become則強調職務、職稱等的變化。如:
The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter.冬天的白天越來越短。
She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red.她回答不出問題,臉紅了。
When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么時候當的老師?十年前。